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Disease of Limbs and Soft Tissues - Coggle Diagram
Disease of Limbs and Soft Tissues
Clostridial Myositis
Foot diseases in ruminants
Fescue foot
Etiology
Endophyte fungus in tall fescue grass
Acrenomium coenophialum
Releases toxin Ergovaline
Basic
Grown because of hardy nature and drought tolerance
stays green longer
85% of tall fescue infected with ergovaline
Clinical signs
Fescue foot
Summer slump
"heat intolerance"
Mare and cow reproductive difficulties
15-40%
Lameness
Weight loss
Dry gangrene of extremeties
Tail and ears can slough
Treatment
Fungus free grass
Clovers
Vit. e/selenium
Diagnosis
Cs and history
Navel ill/ joint ill
Basic
When a foal goes lame, consider this first
Bacterial infection of joints
Most common cause of septicemia in foals is...
Attacks any part of joints
Cartilage, joint capsule, bone
Etiology
Usually FPT, but many bacteria associated
Treatment
Antibiotics
Serum transfer
Clinical signs
Calves with umbilical abscesses
Foals with joint problems or death
Pigs with infection of heart
General signs of infected joints: hot and swollen
Fever
Prevention
Sanitation where animals born
Naval dip
Insure colostrum ingestion
Proper treatment
Diagnosis
Cs
Blood culture
TP/immunoglobulin concentration
Laminitis/Founder
Basic
Etiology
Treatment
Risk factors
Diagnosis
Navicular
Exertional rhabdomyosis
Erysipelas
Porcine Stress Syndrome
Osteomyelitis
Lumpy Jaw
Thrush
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
Terminology
Thrush
Gravel
Corns
Seedy toe
White line disease
Spavin
Contracted tendon
Clostridial Organisms
Gram positive rods, clostridium
Anaerobic with good inexpensive preventative bactrins
Natural habitat: soil and intestinal tract
Three types
Tissue invading
Organisms invade and reproduce in tissues
Producing a toxin that enhances spread
Gas gangrene group
Ex. Chauvoei
Toxigenic
Organisms that produce a toxemia
From the absorption of toxins produced by
the organisms in the digestive tract
Entertoxemias
In devitalized tissue
Tetanus
In food
Botulism
Doesn't invade body but kills by toxins
Toxigenic & tissue invading
Ex. Perfringens
Bacillary Hemoglobinuria/Redwater disease
Basic
Acute, infectious, toxemic disease
Affects primarily cattle and sheep in western US and world
Uncommon in my area
Animal may harbor the organism for long periods
Until it provides an anaerobic environment for it to grow in
Then spores germinate and produce toxins
Etiology
Caused by Clostridium haemolyticum
Soil born organism found naturally in the digestive tract
Spores germinate and produce toxins in an anaerobic environment
These toxins produce:
Intravascular hemolysis
Hemolytic anemia
Hemoglobinuria
Damage to liver can predispose
Clinical signs
Port wine colored urine
Sudden death
Mortality if untreated is 95%
If still alive, rapid debilitation of body systems
Lesions include dehydration and anemia
Bloody fluid in abdominal and thoracic cavities
Bladder contains purplish red urine, foams freely when poured or voided
A liver infarct is pathognomonic
Control
Penicillin in very high doses if caught early
Blood transfusions for anemia
Immunizations -
bacterin to prevent
Antiserum
Burn and/or destroy carcass
Backleg
Basic
Acute febrile disease
Worldwide, very common
Spores survive in soil for many years - 100+
Can occur at any age but most common is > 2 yrs
Etiology
Clostridium chavoei
Ingested spores
and/or contaminated wound
It's normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of man and animals
Spores are ingested
and get through the digestive tract into the bloodstream
And then are deposited in the muscle and other tissues
Bruising or other factors may precipitate the disease
Clinical signs
"Sudden Death" in calves
Emphysematous swelling in the heavy muscles of calves
Generally rapidly growing calves between 6 & 24 months
Most are found dead or slightly lame
Initial fever but normal or below when signs are seen
Swelling progresses to crepitation (crackles)
Skin becomes cold and insensitive
Death occurs in 12-48 hours
Lesions include subcutaneous crepitus over a darkened red to black muscle especially in neck and round area
Control
Administration of bacterin #1
Antibiotics effective but disease progresses too rapidly (penicillin)
Vaccinated between 2-6 months 2-4 weeks apart
Yearly boosters in high risk
In an outbreak, give large doses of penicillin to all at risk animals along with a dose of vaccine
