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technical and scientific advances between the XVIII and XIX. - Coggle…
technical and scientific advances between the XVIII and XIX.
I
n this century there were many technological advances, for example: steam engine:
This device was the main driver of the Industrial Revolution, which brought profound social and technological changes to the world.
1743
Elevator:
the first known corresponds to the one built in the Palace of Versailles for King Louis XV. Compensated by a system of weights, and manually operated, the elevator transported the monarch in absolute privacy from one floor to another.
1714
Typewriter:
its inventor was Henry Mill, who patented a device with which it was possible to print letters one after another, although no one was interested, because secretaries took letters by shorthand (known since Roman times), and then they transcribed them by hand.
1769
Steam Vehicle:
Nicholas Joseph Cugnot, a French Army engineer, built what would become the forerunner of the automobile, a three-wheeled vehicle powered by steam, to tow a cannon. His speed was 5 kilometers per hour.
1735
Chronometer:
the first chronometer was marine, since the normal pendulum clock did not work on ships, as the movement of the waves made it unbalanced. Its author was the English John Harrison.
Steamboat:
The Pyroscaphe, a 182-ton wheeled ship, built by the Marquis Jouffroy d’Abbans, made a test trip up the Saone River in France, powered by the power of steam.
Hot air balloon
The first person who thought that hydrogen would help lift a balloon off the ground was the Scotsman Joseph Black. And the first who managed to raise a hot air balloon using this element were the French brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier, in 1872, inside a room. The following year they repeated it in the open air with success. And that same year, the first manned flight took place in Paris, France. The pilots were Jean Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis d'Arlandes. Also in 1783 a hydrogen balloon was launched over Paris, measuring 28 cubic meters.
The XIX century was a period of great change in both science and economics.
century XVIII
Historiography :
The century is characterized by definitively breaking with the fusion that history had had with literature. Leopold von Ranke commits himself to a critical and skeptical story. It is influenced by the prevailing philosophical currents of the moment, such as liberalism and nationalism, even falling into ethnocentrism, racism, and particularly Eurocentrism. The reflections on Saint-Simon's society produce two tendencies that would modify the historiographic tendencies.
Medicine:
The development of medicine is related to migratory phenomena, the living conditions of the working class since the Industrial Revolution. infectious diseases or related to poor diet. The Industrial Revolution itself, with the addition of numerous wars and revolutions, would generate a generalized scientific development that would contribute to the establishment of technical conditions for the triumph of asepsis, anesthesia and
surgery.
Inventions
Locomotive: Richard Trevithick, 1804.
Photography: Nicéphore Niepce, 1826.
Electric vehicle: Robert Anderson, between 1832 and 1839
Anesthesia: William Morton, 1846.
Telephone: Antonio Meucci, 1854.
Incandescent lamp: Heinrich Göbel, 1854.
Margarine: Hippolyte Mège-Mouriés, 1860.
Airship: Solomon Andrews, 1863.
Clinical Thermometer: Thomas Clifford Allbutt, 1866, earlier thermometers took one or more hours to establish temperature.
The platinum resistance temperature sensor is invented.
Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel Praxinoscope: Émile Reynaud, 1877.
French Revolutionary Wars (1789-1802)
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814)
Spanish American Wars of Independence (1808-1833)
Porto Liberal Revolution
Independence of Mexico (1810-1821)
Independence of Peru (1821-1824)
Independence of Chile (1810-1818)
Independence of Argentina (1810-1816)
Greek War of Independence (1821-1831)
Revolution of 1830
Independence of Uruguay (1811-1830)
Independence of Colombia (1810-1819)
Independence of Venezuela (1810-1823)
Independence of Central America (1821)
Great War (1838-1851)
Wars and revolutions