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Coastal Processes, image - Coggle Diagram
Coastal Processes
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Erosion
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Hydraulic action
The sheer power of the waves as they smash against the cliffs. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the rock and causes the rock to break apart
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Attrition
Rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart and become smaller and more rounded.
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Transportation
Solution
When minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution
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Longshore drift
Waves approach the coast at an angle due to the direction of the prevailing wind. The swash carries material towards the beach at an angle. The backwash then flows back to the sea, down the slope of the beach due to gravity.
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Weathering
The process by which rocks are broken down in still (where they are) and worn away but NOT transported away
Chemical
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Carbonation
Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and becomes very slightly acidc. Contact with alkaline rocks produces a chemical reaction cauding the rocks to slowly dissolve
Mechanical
Weathering that causes the disintegration of rocks, without changing their chemical composition
Freeze thaw
- Water collects in cracks or holes in the rocks
- At night, this water freezes and expands, making the cracks in the rocks bigger
- When the temperature rises, the ice thaws and the water will seep deeper into the rock
- After repeated freezing and thawing, fragments of rock may break off and fall to the floor of the cliff
Salt weathering
Seawater contains salt. When it evaporates it leaves behind salt crystals which can grow and expand in cracks in the rock. This puts pressure on the rocks and flakes may eventually break off.
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