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Unit 1.1 Section 1.1.3 Factors affecting Tourism and their impact, A…
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A growth in GNP (Gross National Product) increases disposable income, which then increases tourist demand for goods and services
British pound is strong against the euro = so British people more likely to visit euro (EU) countries = products + services are better value for $
British pound is weak against the euro = less likely to visit EU countries = more likely to visit non-EU countries e.g. Bulgaria
- High rate of unemployment = don't have enough $ to use for travel
- With the advance in technology, many traditional jobs have become automated = more people get employed in the tourism industry
- More free time and flexibility to travel
- Better pensions
- Less family obligations
- Early retirement
- More disposable income (savings)
- better medical facilities = longer life expectantcies
- paid leave
- early retirement
- working careers are changing - gap years, career breaks (sabbaticals) - employers are less strict
- flexible working hours - employees can choose when they want to go on holiday
- decrease in 2 parent families
- more single travelers so new market created to cater for their needs
- fertility rates low in East Asia and Europe
- middle-class is getting richer so there's more demand for products and services
- Travelers can experience serious health risks due to poor quality accommodation, hygiene standards and sanitation
- Increased media coverage of epidemics can stop people from travelling
- Less visitors to a county if disease is common = less people will be paying tax = reduce income to government
- e.g. Haiti earthquake - aftermath of natural disasters (contamination of water)
- Travelers more aware of destinations associated with pollution and contaminated beaches and seas
- If a tourist is robbed = will feel it's unsafe to return/had a bad experience
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- if its easier to get visas then people are more likely to travel
- Check-in - very strict about what can be carried
- Hand luggage - scanned for illegal items after check in. Sniffer dogs and swabs can be taken to detect explosives
- Passport control - facial recognition technology
- Body scanner - metal detectors and full body scanners that show concealed items in clothing and on body
- Boarding pass check - checked by airport staff before boarding
- Baggage check - checked baggage passes through x ray machines and checked by sniffer dogs
- eurostar
- faster trains - TGV (bullet train in France)
- A380 airplane - 2 floors
- Online booking
- Availability of information - 24/7 & 365 days a year (= improved customer service) because everything is online. Potential customers can research and compare destinations and products + services via websites
- Mobile technology - can make bookings on your phone/tablet, airlines and tour ops have apps, boarding passes can be sent to your phone
- Social media - Trip Advisor, Instagram etc.
- Virtual tours - can help overcome intangibility
- Online check-in - e-tickets and e-boarding passes are now common for most airlines so getting on a flight is now quicker - E-passports and scanners - more time saved at the airport using chipped passports for biometrics. Biometrics are automated methods of recognising a person with facial or fingerprint recognition and scanning IDs
The T+T industry has always been market driven and this means customers are put into 'homogenous groups' and then targeted with similar products + services.
e.g. mass tourism
Customers want value for $ and therefore T+T providers need to balance price paid and the actual quality of the product provided.
Sometimes quality is stripped back to make more $ (profit) = damaging effect on reputation of the business
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Marketing of generally similar products and services with minor variations that then appeal to a range of consumers when making choice.
This is where you use an established brand name for a new item in the same product category e.g. a hotel chain opening in a destination
Offering new products that are slightly different
Sustainable tourism - takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities
Responsible tourism - Tourism that creates better places for people to live in and better places to visit. Individuals, organisations and business are asked to take responsibility for their actions and the subsequent impacts of their actions
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