Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
有機化學 - Coggle Diagram
有機化學
CH6 Alkyl Halides:Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination 鹵烷類：親核取代反應和脫去作用
6-1 Introduction 介紹
6-2 Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides 鹵烷類的命名
6-3 Common Uses of Alkyl Halides 鹵烷類的一般應用
6-4 Structure of Alkyl Halides 鹵烷類的結構
6-5 Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides 鹵烷類的物理性質
6-6 Preparation of Alkyl Halides 鹵烷類的製備
6-7 Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Substitution and Elimination 鹵烷類的反應：取代和脫去
6-8 Second-Order Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN2 Reaction 二級親核取代反應：SN2反應
6-9 Generality of the SN2 Reaction SN2反應的一般性
6-10 Factors Affecting SN2 Reactions: Strength of the Nucleophile 影響SN2反應的因子：親核基的強度
6-11 Reactivity of the Substrate in SN2 Reactions SN2反應中受質的反應性
6-12 Sterochemistry of the SN2 Reaction SN2反應的立體化學
6-13 Frist-Order Nucleophilic Substitution:The SN1 Reaction 一級親核取代反應：SN1反應
6-14 Sterochemistry of the SN1 Reaction SN1反應的立體化學
6-15 Rearrangements in the SN1 Reactions SN1反應中的重排
6-16 Comparison of SN1 and SN2 Reactions SN1和SN2反應的比較
Summary:Nucleophilic Substitutions 總結：親核基取代
6-17 Frist-Order Elimination:The E1 Reaction 一級脫去反應:E1脫去反應
6-18 Positional Orientation of Elimination:Zaitsev's Rule 脫去反應的位置定向：柴瑟夫規則
6-19 Second-Order Elimination:The E2 Reaction 二級脫去反應：E2脫去反應
6-20 Stereochemistry of the E2 Reaction E2反應的立體化學
6-21 Comparison of E1 and E2 Elimination Mechanisms E1和E2脫去反應機制的比較
CH8 Reaction of Alkenes 烯類的化學反應
8-1 Reactivity of the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond 碳碳雙鍵的反應性
8-2 Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes 親電子基加成到烯烴上
8-3 Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes 氫鹵素加成到烯烴上
8-4 Addition of Water:Hydration of Alkenes 水的加成:烯烴的水合
8-5 Hydration by Oxymercuration-Demercuration 由氧化汞-脫汞反應成的水合反應
8-6 Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration 羥汞化-脫汞反應
8-7 Hydroboration of Alkenes 烯烴的硼氫化反應
8-8 Addition of Halogens to Alkenes 鹵素加到烯烴上的加成反應
8-9 Formation of Halohydrins 鹵醇的形成
8-10 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes 烯烴的氫化催化反應
8-11 Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes 碳烯加到烯烴上的加成反應
8-12 Epoxidation of Alkenes 烯烴的環氧化
8-13 Epoxidation of Alkenes 烯烴的環氧化
8-14 Syn Dihydroxylation of Alkenes 烯烴的順二羥基化
8-15 Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes 烯烴的氧化裂解
8-16 Polymerization of Alkenes 烯烴的聚合反應
8-17 Olefin Metathesis 烯烴複分解反應
CH3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes 烷類的結構與立體化學
3-1 Classification of Hydrocarbons (Review) 碳氫化合物的分類
3-2 Molecular Formulas of Alkanes 烷類的分子式
3-3 Nomenclature of Alkanes 烷類的命名
3-4 Physical Properties of Alkanes 烷類的物理性質
3-5 Uses and Sources of Alkanes 烷類的使用和來源
3-6 Reactions of Alkanes 烷類的反應
3-7 Structure and Conformations of Alkanes 烷類的結構和構形
3-8 Conformations of Butane 丁烷的構形
3-9 Conformations of Higher Alkanes 高碳數烷類的構形
3-10 Cycloalkanes 環烷類
3-11 Cis-trans isomerism in Cycloalkanes 環烷類中的順-反異構物
3-12 Stabilities of Cycloalkanes; Ring Strain 環烷類的穩定性;環張力
3-13 Cyclohexane Conformations 環己烷的構形
3-14 Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes 單取代環己烷的構形
3-15 Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes 雙取代環己烷的構形
3-16 Bicyclic Molecules 雙環分子
CH4 The Study of Chemical Reactions 化學反應的研究
4-1 Introduction 介紹
4-2 Chlorination of Methane 烷類的氯化作用
4-3 The Free-Radical Chain Reaction 自由基鏈鎖反應
4-4 Equilibrium Constants and Free Energy 平衡常數和自由能
4-5 Enthalpy and Entropy 焓和熵
4-6 Bond-Dissociation Enthalpies 鍵結解離時的焓
4-7 Enthalpy Changes in Chlorination 氯化作用中焓的變化
4-8 Kinetics and the Rate Equation 動力學和平衡速率
4-9 Activation Energy and the Temperature Dependence of Rates 活化能和溫度速率
4-10 Transition States 過渡狀態
4-11 Rates of Multistep Reactions 多步驟反應的速率
4-12 Temperature Dependence of Halogenation 鹵化反應的溫度依賴性
4-13 Selectivity in Halogenation 鹵化反應的選擇性
4-14 The Hammond Postulate 哈蒙德假說
4-15 Radical Inhibitors 自由基抑制物
4-16 Reactive Intermediates 反應的中間產物
CH5 Stereochemistry 立體化學
5-1 Introduction 介紹
5-2 Chirality 對掌性
5-3 (R) and (S) Nomenclature of Asymmetric Carbon Atoms 不對稱碳原子的(R)和(S)命名
5-4 Optical Activity 光學活性
5-5 Biological Discrimination of Enantiomers 鏡像異構物的生物辨識
5-6 Racemic Mixtures 外消旋混合物
5-7 Enantiomeric Excess and Optical Purity 鏡像異構物過量和光學純度
5-8 Chirality of Conformationally Mobile Systems 構型移動系統的對掌性
5-9 Chiral Compounds without Asymmetric Atoms 無非對稱性原子的對掌性化合物
5-10 Fischer Projections 費氏投影法
5-11 Summary: Fischer Projections and Their Use 總結：費氏投影法及使用方式
Diastereomers 非鏡像異構物
Summary: Types of Isomers 總結：異構物種類
5-12 Stereochemistry of Molecules with Two or More Asymmetric Carbons 有兩個或多個不對稱性碳的立體化學
5-13 Meso Compounds 內消旋化合物
5-14 Absolute and Relative Configuration 絕對和相對組成
5-15 Physical Properties of Diastereomers 非鏡像異構物的物理性質
5-16 Resolution of Enantiomers 鏡像異構物的分解
CH1 Introduction and Review 介紹和複習
1-1 The Origins of Organic Chemistry 有機化學起源
1-2 Principles of Atomic Structure 原子結構的原則
1-3 Bond Formation:The Octet Rule 鍵結形成：八隅體規則
1-4 Lewis Structures 路易士結構
1-5 Multiple Bonding 多鍵結
1-6 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity 陰電性和鍵的極性
1-7 Formal Charges 形式電荷
1-8 Ionic Structures 離子結構
1-9 Resonance 共振
1-10 Structural Formulas 結構式
1-11 Molecular Formulas and Empirical Formulas 分子式和經驗式
1-12 Arrhenius Acids and Bases 阿瑞尼式酸和鹼
1-13 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 布朗斯特-勞瑞酸和鹼
1-14 Lewis Acids and Bases 路易士酸和鹼
CH2 Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules 有機分子的結構與特性
2-1 Wave Properties of Electrons in Orbitals 電子軌域中波的特性
2-2 Molecular Orbitals 分子軌域
2-3 Pi Bonding Pi 鍵結
2-4 Hybridization and Molecular Shapes 混成和分子形狀
2-5 Drawing Three-Dimensional Molecules 畫三維角度的分子
2-6 General Rules of Hybridization and Geometry 混成和幾何的通則
2-7 Bond Rotation 鍵的旋轉
2-8 Isomerism 異構物
2-9 Polarity of Bonds and Molecules 鍵和分子的極性
2-10 Intermolecular Forces 分子內作用力
2-11 Polarity Effects on Solubilities 極性對溶解度的影響
2-12 Hydrocarbons 碳氫化合物
2-13 Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen 含氧的有機化合物
2-14 Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 含氮的有機化合物
CH7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes 烯類的結構與合成
7-1 Introduction 介紹
7-2 The Orbital Description of the Alkene Double Bond 烯類雙鍵的軌域描述
7-3 Elements of Unsaturation 不飽和的基礎
7-4 Nomenclature of Alkenes 烯類的命名
7-5 Nomenclature of Cis-Trans Isomers 順-反異構物的命名
Summary:Rules for Naming Alkenes 總結：烯類命名規則
7-6 Commercial Importance of Alkenes 烯類的商業價值
7-7 Stability of Alkenes 烯類的穩定性
7-8 Physical Properties of Alkenes 烯類的物理性質
7-10 Alkene Synthesis by Dehydration of Alcohols 藉由醇類脫水反應合成的烯類
7-11 Alkene Synthesis by High-Temperature Industrial Method 由高溫工業方法合成的烯類
Summary:Methods for Synthesis of Alkenes 總結：烯類合成的方法
7-9 Alkene Synthesis by Elimination of Alkyl Halides 由鹵烷類脫去反應合成的烯類
CH9 Alkynes 炔類
9-1 Introduction 介紹
9-2 Nomenclature of Alkynes 炔烴命名
9-3 Physical Properties of Alkynes 炔烴的物理性質
9-4 Commercial Importance of Alkynes 炔烴的商業價值
9-5 Electronic Structure of Alkynes 炔烴的電子結構
9-6 Acidity of Alkyne;Formation of Acetylide Ions 炔烴的酸化反應;離子炔化物的形成
9-7 Synthesis of Alkynes from Acetylides 炔化物的炔烴合成反應
9-8 Synthesis of Alkynes by Elimination Reactions 脫去反應形成的炔烴合成反應
9-9 Addition Reactions of Alkynes 炔烴的加成反應
9-10 Oxidation of Alkynes 炔烴的氧化
CH10 Structure and Sythesis of Alcohols 純類的結構與合成