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RBC Morphology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - metarubricyte
    - - causes
        
        hypoxic
        
        physical damage to marrow endothelium
        
        lead poisoning
        
        neoplasia
        
        chemotherapy
        
        splenic dz
        
        heat stroke
        
        toxicity
        
        toxic
  - - - ruminants with regenerative anemia
      - in SA with highly regenerative anemia
- - - - free HgB in plasma
        
        hemolysis
      - lipemia
      - icterus
      - Heinz bodies
- - - - cat
      - pig
      - horse
      - sheep
  - - - birds
      - reptiles
  - - - general term for abnormal shape
      - not all changes are clinically significant
    - - a lot
        
        spherocyte
        
        absence of central pallor
        
        small
        
        dog only
        
        normal volume
        
        suggests immune mediated damge
        
        partial RBC phagocytosis
        
        IMHA immune mediated hemolytic anemia
        
        sometimes caused by
        
        blood transfusion
        
        zinc toxicity
        
        fragmented anemia
        
        fragmentation anemia
        
        schistocyte
        
        RBC fragment
        
        DIC
        
        fibrin shearing
        
        altered vascular channel
        
        hemangiosarcoma
        
        turbulent blood flow
        
        Fe-deficiency
        
        keratocytes
        
        intravascular trauma
        
        blistered and/or horned
        
        eccentrocyte
        
        oxidative damage
        
        damage caused similar to Heinz bodies
        
        contents pushed off to side
        
        ghosts
        
        empty RBC membrane
        
        from lysed RBCs
        
        artifact
        
        pathologic
        
        IMHA
        
        Heinz body hemolysis
        
        intravascular hemolysis
      - not a lot
        
        codocytes
        
        "target cell"
        
        regenerative anemia
        
        limited diagnostic significance
        
        hepatic dz
        
        renal dz
        
        echinocytes
        
        almost always an artifact
        
        pathologies
        
        electrolyte deplection
        
        renal dz
        
        snake bites
        
        acanthocytes
        
        altered lipid/cholestrol content of membrane
        
        hemangiosarcoma
        
        liver dz
        
        renal dz
- - - - :arrow_up: # reticulocytes in circulation
        
        most common cause
      - FeLV erythrodysplasia
        
        neoplastic change
      - cell swelling during sample storage
      - in-vivi hyperosmolar states
      - breeds (uncommon)
        
        poodles
    - - Fe deficiency anemia
        
        less iron leads to increased cell divisions
        
        response to trying to reach optimal [Fe]
      - portosystemic shunt
      - breed specific
        
        Akita, Shiba
        
        some times Jindo, chow, shar-pei
      - in-vivo hypoosmolar states
    - - variation in RBC size
      - measured as red cell distribution width (RDW)
        
        indirect measure of regeneration
        
        increases with macro or microcytosis