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Excel - Charts and graphs - Chapter 11 - Coggle Diagram
Excel - Charts and graphs - Chapter 11
Why do we chart?
Communicate clearly and effectively
Present large / complicated data in understandable visual format
Summarize data / give an overview
Make it memorable
The key is to simplify
=> Easy to see trends
=> Provides a picture of quantitative data
Pie chart
Proportional data
You should be able to express it as a percentage
Doughnut
Like a pie chart, it shows the relationships of parts to a whole
Can contain more than one data series
Bar chart
Column chart sideways (bar chart = drunk column chart)
Compare things over time
Best to use when changes are large
Also helpful when descriptions are long
Stock chart
Volume traded, high price, low price, closing price
Change existing charts:
Click on the chart
Chart tools
Radar
Plots values around an axis
Each data category has its own axis
When do we chart?
To indicate that there is a clear pattern or trend in the data
To indicate that there is NO clear pattern or trend in the data
To summarize findings in an easy-to-read, understandable format - you spent hours analyzing your data; the reader should spend seconds
Reinforce arguments by the facts
Ensure the reader sees, understands and remembers the facts
When to use which chart
Bar graphs
Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups or to track changes over time. However, when trying to measure change over time, bar graphs are best when the changes are larger
Area graphs
Area graphs are very similar to line graphs. They can be used to track changes over time for one or more groups. Area graphs are good to use when you are tracking the changes in two or more related groups that make up one whole category (for example public and private groups.)
Pie chart
Pie charts are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a whole. They do not show changes over time
X-Y Plot
X-Y plots are used to determine relationships between the two different things. The X-axis is used to measure one event (or variable) and the y-axis is used to measure the other. If both variables increase at the same time, they have a positive relationship. If one variable decreases while the other increases, they have a negative relationship. Sometimes the variables dont follow any pattern and have no relationship
Line graph
Line graphs are used to track changes over short and long periods of time. When smaller changes exist, line graphs are better to use than bar graphs. Line graphs can also be used to compare changes over the same period of time for more than one group.
Line chart
Continuous data (infinite possibilities)
Time series data
E.g. Annual registration of students for information systems 144
Column chart
E.g. Set intervals and a result can only be within one of the pre-set intervals
Arrange your data in columns and rows
Select data
Insert / charts / column
Select data source (choose what you put on which axis)
Edit labels and names
Categorical / discrete data (not continuous)
Surface
3D surface that connects data points
Helpful to find optimum combinations between two sets of data
Scientists and engineers use them
They look cool, but are hard to read
Rule of thumb
X-axis
=> Independent variable (the variable you can change / control)
Y-axis
=>Dependent variable - depends on the variable of the x-axis (the outcome is measured here)