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THE ROLE OF NEEDS ANALYSIS IN ESL PROGRAM DESIGN, REFERENCES Fatihi, A.…
THE ROLE OF NEEDS ANALYSIS IN ESL PROGRAM DESIGN
Richterich’s
Objective needs
A learning activity can become a kind of needs analysis
Subjective Needs
Needs would be altered, and some sort of learning needs which were not specified precourse will appear
Munby’s
Communicative Needs Processor
The language user’s competence and its relation to knowledge and communication
Levels
A priori
Participant, purposive domain, settings, interactions, and instrumentality
A posteriori
Berwick’s
Needs assessment in language program
Program Design
Based on
Social activities and problems
Feelings and attitudes
Specific competences
Cognitive or learning processes
An organized body of knowledge
Needs and interest of the learner
Nunan’s
Learner-Centered Approach
Collaborative effort between
Learners
Closely involved in the decision-making process regarding the content of the curriculum and how it is taught
Teachers
Skills are taught because the learner wishes to utilize them for some purpose beyond the learning environment itself
Brindley
The role of needs analysis
Process-oriented to interpretation of needs
Trying to identify and take into account
A multiplicity of affective or cognitive variables which affect learning
Such as
Personality
Awareness
Expectations
Motivation
Learning styles
Learner’s attitudes
REFERENCES
Fatihi, A. R. (2001). The role of needs analysis in ESL program design. Available at:
http://www.geocities.ws/southasianlanguagereview/SecondLanguage/fatihi.pdf
Retrieved on September 21st, 2020.
Richards, J. C. (n.d.). Program factors in effective foreign and second language teaching. Available at:
http://aaboori.mshdiau.ac.ir/FavouriteSubjects/program-factors-effective-teaching.pdf
Retrieved on September 21st, 2020.