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Five Education Report in Post Independence - Coggle Diagram
Five Education Report in Post Independence
Rahman Talib Report 1960
To speed up the process of national integration and unity, the Rahman Talib’s Report was made to review the education policy in 1960 and became a basis to establish the Education Act 1961.
Rahman Talib’s report support the Razak Report and became the basic to the formation of National Educational foundation like stated in Educational Act
The report proposal
Malay language as main language in schools.
Free secondary school education.
Automatic promotion until form 3.
Emphasis on religious and moral education.
Stress on 3M basic education - Membaca, Menulis, dan Mengira (reading, writing and arithmetic)
Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline
Stress on a Malayan curriculum
Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational
Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years
Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education
Education Act 1961
The Education Act (EA) 1961 was enacted, pursuant to the Rahman Talib’s Report of 1960, in turn, was based on the Razak Report of 1956
Razak Report 1956 was suited in education system by Rahman Talib’s Report 1960 and next become the Education Act 1961
the contents and points of Education Act 1961 is similar as the Rahman Talib’s Report 1960
Content
No fees for lesson in primary school
Primary school become Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK) and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK)
Schooling until age 15 years old for continuation school
Where there are 15 or more Muslim pupils, religious class will be provided. Similarly, the Education Act provides that at the request of at least 15 pupils, a Tamil or Mandarin teacher would be provided from Standard III upwards to secondary schools (Clause 36)
Emphasis on moral values
Provided trained teachers and education aids
Empowering the national language
The establishment of common curriculum
Challenges
Although the purpose and wish of the Education Act is to integrate all races in Malaysia but because of different polar home places, it was difficult to achieve
Malay lives in the villages, Chinese living in mine area and Indians living in the rubber estate and plantations
Other reports have been published and reported such as Hussein Onn Report 1971 and Mahathir Report 1976 in order to review and examine again the Dasar Pendidikan Negara based on Razak Report and Rahman Talib’s Report
Aminuddin Baki Report 1964
The statement
He was appointed as the Director of Education of the Federation of Malaysia (Pengarah Pendidikan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu) after a year, and introduced a national education council, the 1960 Aminuddin Baki Declaration.
There are 9 members of the body, of which Aminuddin Baki is the chairman.
This committee was formed to examine a variety of concerns.
The reasons for the exam results to enter the Secondary School are weak and to find a way to overcome them.
The reasons behind the insufficient number of students in the National School who have entered the Admission Test for Secondary School.
The shortcomings of the Sijil Rendah Pelajaran Malay students and ways to resolve them.
He has suggested twelve government guidelines on the decline of Malay children in Aminuddin Baki's downside comments (Penyata Kelemahan Pelajaran Melayu Aminuddin Baki) on Malay Education.
After three years of serving as the Chief Education Advisor of the Government of Malaysia, this programme was launched.
In addition to the nation's strong spirit and commitment, Aminudin emphasised that the government would enable them to provide students with scholarships, support teachers and students with dormitories, as well as assist with learning aids.
The report
In line with the government 's strategy to raise the school dropout age to 15 years, lower secondary education for 3 years after primary school education should be offered.
Need to train students to fill suitable positions after graduation
To create a diversity of skilled employees, diversify the types of courses.
Education Act 1996
Aims
To further consolidate the national education system for the young generation in accordance with the country’s aspirations of making Malaysia a center of excellence for education.
To outline the legislation related to education.
3 general legislative provisions
The National Philosophy of Education which was proclaimed in 1988 & forms the underlying basis
The consolidation of the national education system to include the following
All levels of schooling, from pre-school until tertiary education
All categories of schools, for example, government schools, government-aided schools & private schools
The National Language became the main medium of instruction under the national education system, besides being a compulsory subject for all schools & educational institutions.
Cabinet Committee Report
chaired by Dr. Mahathir
It emerged from the protests of May 13, 1969.
Rukunegara's establishment in 1970
Launch of the New Economic Policy 1970
Examine the priorities and effect of the education system