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FIVE EDUCATION REPORT IN POST INDEPENDENCE - Coggle Diagram
FIVE EDUCATION REPORT
IN
POST INDEPENDENCE
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Rahman Talib's Report (1960)
Support the Razak Report and became the basic to the formation of National Educational foundation like stated in Educational Act.
It is one of the ways to speed up the process of national integration and unity.
Rahman Talib's Report was made to review education policy in 1960.
Then, it became a basis to establish the Education Act 1961.
Proposals of the report
Malay language as a main language in schools.
Free secondary school education.
Automatic promotion until form 3.
Emphasis on religious and moral education.
Stress on 3M basic education.
membaca (reading)
menulis (writing)
mengira (arithmethic)
Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline.
Stress on the Malayan curriculum.
Upper secondary education of two streams,
academic
and
vocational
Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years.
Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education.
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CABINET COMMITTEE REPORT
Chaired by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad.
Also known as Mahathir's Report.
Tun Mahathir was the Minister of Education at that time.
Objectives
To achieve national unity in a multiethnic society.
Increase the sense of patriotism
To produce skilled manpower for national development
To further extend the policy of democratization of education.
To strike a balance in all aspects of education between rural and urban areas.
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Aminuddin Baki Report 1964
Aminuddin Baki was the only representative to join the committees that involved in enacting, amending and banishing the education system in Malaysia.
British appointed Aminuddin Baki as one of the committee members for the Razak Report 1956.
Enacted Razak Report by suggesting a Memorandum on the suggested System of National.
Suggested The National School of Malaysia which combine all races under the same roof.
He did not agree with vernacular schools.
The National School of Malaya unite students from all races to be Malaysia citizens and live peacefully.
He came out with reasons why Malay students were so left behind. Some of the reasons are:
~ The suitability of exam questions.
~ Teachers' attitudes.
~ The stability of Teacher's Trainee Institution.
~ Learning methods.
~ Parents-Teachers relationships.
~ The facilities prepared in schools.
The purposes of Aminuddin Baki Report
To investigate why students get poor results to enter secondary schools and find ways to overcome it.
To investigate why there were less students who take the examination for secondary schools.
To investigate why did Malay students get poor results in Peperiksaan Sijil Rendah Pelajaran.
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Education Act 1961
Pursuant to the Rahman Talib's Report (1960)
Based on the Razak Report (1956)
Razak Report 1956 was suited in education system by Rahman Talib's Report 1960 and next become Education Act 1961.
The contents are similar as the Rahman Talib's Report 1960.
Contents of Education Act 1961
No fees for lesson in primary school.
Primary school become Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK) and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK).
Schooling until age 15 years old for continuation school.
Where there are 15 or more Muslim pupils, religious class will be provided. Similarly. the Education Act provides that at the request of at least 15 pupils. a Tamil or Mandarin teacher would be provided from Standard III upwards to secondary schools (Clause 36).
Emphasis on moral values
Provided trained teachers and education aids.
Empowering the national language
The establishment of common curriculum
Because of different polar home places, integrating all races in Malaysia was difficult to achieve.
Malay lives in the villages, Chinese living mine area and Indians living in the rubber estate and plantations.
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Education Act 1996
In 1995 and 1996, the Education Act was amended to give sufficient need to meet the challenges in the 21st century.
The system is categorized as pre-school, primary, secondary (lower and upper), post secondary and higher education levels.
Proposals
Pre-school:
Pre-school education has become a part of the formal education system.
Primary Level:
National School, National Type (C) School for the Chinese medium of instruction, National Type (T) School for the Indian, and finally the Special School for the handicapped.
Secondary Level:
Subdivided into six categories;
~ regular
~ fully residential
~ vocational
~ technical
~ religious
~ special school
Upper secondary level (academic, technical and vocational)
Lower (form 1 to form 3)
Post Secondary Level:
prepares students for university entrance (local and foreign) and other higher education institutions.
Two programs offered at this level:
Form-Sixth
Matriculation Level.
Higher Education Level:
aims to produce professionals as demanded by the nation for human resources and also provide facilities for research and consultant services.