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Education Report (Post Independence) - Coggle Diagram
Education Report (Post Independence)
Rahman Talib Report 1960
To speed up the process of national integration and unity, the Rahman Talib’s Report was made to review the education policy in 1960 and became a basis to establish the Education Act 1961
support the Razak Report and became the basic to the formation of National Educational foundation like stated in Educational Act
The report proposed:
Free secondary school education
Malay language as main language in schools.
Automatic promotion until form 3
Emphasis on religious and moral education
Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational
Stress on a Malayan curriculum
Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline
Stress on 3M basic education - Membaca, Menulis, dan Mengira (reading, writing and arithmetic)
Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years
Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education
Education Act 1961
The Education Act (EA) 1961 was enacted, pursuant to the Rahman Talib’s Report of 1960, in turn, was based on the Razak Report of 1956
Razak Report 1956 was suited in education system by Rahman Talib’s Report 1960 and next become the Education Act 1961. Thus, the contents and points of Education Act 1961 is similar as the Rahman Talib’s Report 1960
The contents:
Where there are 15 or more Muslim pupils, religious class will be provided. Similarly, the Education Act provides that at the request of at least 15 pupils, a Tamil or Mandarin teacher would be provided from Standard III upwards to secondary schools (Clause 36)
Emphasis on moral values
Schooling until age 15 years old for continuation school
Provided trained teachers and education aids
Primary school become Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK) and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK)
Empowering the national language
No fees for lesson in primary school
The establishment of common curriculum
Aminuddin Baki Report 1964
Need to prepare students to hold appropriate positions after they graduate
Diversify the types of courses in order to produce a variety of skilled manpower.
Lower secondary education for 3 years after primary school education should be provided in line with the government's policy to increase the school dropout age to 15 years.
Education Act 1996
Aims
To further consolidate the national education system for the young generation in accordance with the country’s aspirations of making Malaysia a center of excellence for education
To outline the legislation related to education
3 general legislative provisions:
The National Philosophy of Education which was proclaimed in 1988 & forms the underlying basis;
The consolidation of the national education system to include the following:
All categories of schools, for example, government schools, government-aided schools & private schools;
All levels of schooling, from pre-school until tertiary education;
The National Language became the main medium of instruction under the national education system, besides being a compulsory subject for all schools & educational institutions.
Cabinet Committee Report
In 1979, a report from the Cabinet Committee chaired by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad (Mahathir’s Report), who was the Minister of Education at that time (later become a Prime Minister since 1981), was finalized after a six-year study.
The objectives were to achieve national unity in a multiethnic society besides increase the sense of patriotism, to produce skilled manpower for national development and to further extend the policy of democratization of education in order to strike a balance in all aspects of education between rural and urban areas