Topic 1

Fermions

Leptons

Hadrons

Mesons

Baryons

Pion

Kaon

Tau

Tau Neutrino

Electron

Electron Neutrino

Muon

Muon Neutrino

Quarks

Bottom

Top

Down

Strange

Up

Charm

Made from a quark and an anti-quark

Made from 3 quarks

Quarks are fundamental particles

Leptons are fundamental particles

Equations

E=hf

E=hc/λ

E is photon (J)

h is Planck's constant (6.36x10⁻³⁴ Js)

c is the constant for the speed of light
(3.00x10⁸ ms⁻¹)

λ is wavelength (m)

1 MeV = 1.6x10⁻¹³ (J)

1 eV = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ (J)

Atomic particles

Nucleons

Electrons

Neutrons

Protons

Charge = +1.60x10⁻¹⁹ C

Mass = 1.67x10⁻²⁷ kg

Relative charge = +1

Relative mass = 1

Mass = 9.11x10⁻³¹ kg

Relative charge = -1

Charge = -1.60x10⁻¹⁹ C

Relative mass = 0.0005

Charge = 0 C

Mass = 1.67x10⁻²⁷ kg

Relative charge = 0

Relative mass = 1

Specific charge = charge / mass

Nucleon notation

Screenshot (4)

A is the Nucleon number (Mass number)

X is the element

Z is the Proton number (Atomic number)

Pair production and Annihilation

Annihilation

Pair production

Energy can be converted into mass which produces equal amounts of matter and antimatter

Example: 2 photons collide and produce a proton - antiproton pair

Eₘᵢₙ = 2E₀

E₀ is the rest energy of particle type produced (MeV)

Eₘᵢₙ is the minimum energy needed (MeV)

When a particle meets its antiparticle is can result in annihilation

All the mass of the particle and antiparticle get converted back into energy in the form of two gamma

Eₘᵢₙ = E₀

E₀ is the rest energy of particle type (MeV)

Eₘᵢₙ is the minimum energy of photon produced