Topic 1
Fermions
Leptons
Hadrons
Mesons
Baryons
Pion
Kaon
Tau
Tau Neutrino
Electron
Electron Neutrino
Muon
Muon Neutrino
Quarks
Bottom
Top
Down
Strange
Up
Charm
Made from a quark and an anti-quark
Made from 3 quarks
Quarks are fundamental particles
Leptons are fundamental particles
Equations
E=hf
E=hc/λ
E is photon (J)
h is Planck's constant (6.36x10⁻³⁴ Js)
c is the constant for the speed of light
(3.00x10⁸ ms⁻¹)
λ is wavelength (m)
1 MeV = 1.6x10⁻¹³ (J)
1 eV = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ (J)
Atomic particles
Nucleons
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons
Charge = +1.60x10⁻¹⁹ C
Mass = 1.67x10⁻²⁷ kg
Relative charge = +1
Relative mass = 1
Mass = 9.11x10⁻³¹ kg
Relative charge = -1
Charge = -1.60x10⁻¹⁹ C
Relative mass = 0.0005
Charge = 0 C
Mass = 1.67x10⁻²⁷ kg
Relative charge = 0
Relative mass = 1
Specific charge = charge / mass
Nucleon notation
A is the Nucleon number (Mass number)
X is the element
Z is the Proton number (Atomic number)
Pair production and Annihilation
Annihilation
Pair production
Energy can be converted into mass which produces equal amounts of matter and antimatter
Example: 2 photons collide and produce a proton - antiproton pair
Eₘᵢₙ = 2E₀
E₀ is the rest energy of particle type produced (MeV)
Eₘᵢₙ is the minimum energy needed (MeV)
When a particle meets its antiparticle is can result in annihilation
All the mass of the particle and antiparticle get converted back into energy in the form of two gamma
Eₘᵢₙ = E₀
E₀ is the rest energy of particle type (MeV)
Eₘᵢₙ is the minimum energy of photon produced