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Chapter Five - Coggle Diagram
Chapter Five
French Sign Language
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Sicard discontinued oral training as it was "very painful, harsh, discordant, and comparitavely useless." p. 103
Because French has masculine and feminine articles, those actually transfered to ASL. A bonnet string to signify la, and a hat brim to signify le now mean male/female, boy/girl, and man/woman
a lot of french sign language is still seen and traced to ASL but many american signers don't know the specific parts.
The intital letter of a word being incorporated into a sign began during this time too. Signs such as doctor with an 'm' handshape for medicine or medecin in french
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Gallaudet was frustrated with the differences and how difficult it is to apply signed french to english grammar.
Gallaudet and Clerc
Clerc says that Gallaudet asked him to return to the states with him to be an assistant. Gallaudet says Clerc proposed the idea. This is funny as it is a very monumental point in Deaf history, yet no one can remember the correct version.
Clerc's contract involved a three year stay in Hartford, teaching six hours a day Mon-Fri, and 3 hours on Saturday. 6 weeks of vacation annually. He could give private lessons in his own time should he choose. Gallaudet paid for everything in Hartford and payed 2,500 annually to france.
Gallaudet did not inform anyone back in Hartford of this arrangement. Gallaudet sent the letter as they were due to leave Paris and it was expected to arrive long before they did, but it got caught up and it is thought that Cogswell would have received the letter a day before Gallaudet and Clerc arrived.
Gallaudet led people to believe that Clerc mastered English in their sixty day trip back to the states and this set unrealistic expectations for deaf children to do the same.
Clerc hated playing dumb to those with money and answer ignorant questions so they would open their wallets.
The trip back
Gallaudet was incredibly seasick nearly the entire time. Clerc tried to continue their lessons when he was well enough.
Clerc was not sick at all, Gallaudet wrote.
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Paris School Staff
Jean Massieu was born deaf to a poor family with six deaf children. His family made no attempts to school him and immediately put him to work. He reflects on it as being treated like a dog. At 13, he was sent to a Deaf school where he met Sicard. He remained childlike and insisted he would die young. p. 102. Gallaudet deemed him harmless.
Sicard was an unordained cleric, giving him the same status as Gallaudet and their religions shared many aspects. This allowed Sicard and Gallaudet to get along.
Louis-Pierre Paulmier was a hearing instructor who tutored Gallaudet in sign language. Gallaudet found him odd. As payment for his services, he wanted no money, just a kiss. Gallaudet was fine with this and they laughed about it.
Clerc was only two years older than Gallaudet and he grew up in a deaf family. He was likely born deaf, but his parents blamed it on him falling into a fireplace which was not uncommon practice. They made no attempt to educate him. At age twelve, he attended a school for the deaf and Massieu was his teacher. Unlike many, Clerc was very nonchalant about religion
Alice and Julia
Alice was worried about her soul. She expressed worry that god made her "deaf and dumb" because she was wicked. She says she read the bible and is very sorry. She is only ten years old with these concerns.
It seems that Gallaudet did not take Clerc to meet Julia. Did he lose interest in helping her now that he was busy with Clerc?
A letter inquired about Julia, but nothing was ever done for her. She never attended the school because her parents couldn't pay.
The Asylum
It opened on April 15th, 1817. It had been built the year before. By June 1st, the school had twenty one students. By the end on 1817, there was 31 students.
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Gallaudet constantly set unattainable high standards for him self, and this explains why he was miserable in life as he couldn't reach them.