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Infections or Inflammation of the Upper Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Infections or Inflammation of the Upper Respiratory System
Rhinitis
: inflammation of nasal cavitives
Most common upper respiratory disorder
Acute or chronic
Types:
Acute Viral
(common cold)
Allergic
(hay fever from allergy to pollen)
Atrophic:
due to changes in nasal mucosa
Vasomotor:
like allergic
Influenza:
Viral respiratory disease
Changes and adapts well
Incubation period is 18-72 hours:
Types
:
Influenza B:
milder and less extensive
Influenza C
: very mild and may go unrecognized
Influenza A
: most common
Rapid and profound malaise that develops in the matter of minutes.
"Felt like they were hit by a Mack Truck
" feeling ok one minute and very ill the next
Manifestations:
abrupt onset of chills, fever, malaise, muscle aches and headache:
Respiratory manifestations
: Dry, nonproductive cough, sore throat, substernal burning
Symptoms usually subside in 2-3 days; fever can last a week
Complications:
Secondary bacteria infections: sinusitis and otitis media are frequent; uncommon include myocarditis, encephatlitis, myositis, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Prevention
: keep community safe and prevent outbreaks with annual immunizations (good for 6 months); especially those over 65, residents of nursing homes, chronic cardiopulmonary disorders, chronic metabolic diseases and healthcare workers
Treatment:
Treat symptoms ASA and acetaminophen for fever, NSAIDS for muscle aches, Antitussives for cough. Get plenty of rest. Amantadine or Rimantadine can be given withing 48 hours as a prophylaxis if exposed.
Viral Upper Respiratory Infection (Common Cold):
Average adult 2-4 per year
Highly contagious & peak Sept-Jan
200 strains including rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus and respiratory syncytical virus
Spread by aerosolized droplets during sneezing, coughing or direct contact
Contagious before and after symptoms
Inflammatory response and increased mucus secretion and swelling of passage membranes. Hyperactive mucus secretions.
Symptoms:
reddened, swollen nasal mucous membranes; increased secretions, congestion, profuse nasal drainage
Manifestations
: low grade temperature, headache, malaise, and muscle aches (lasting 2 day-2 weeks)
Diagnosis:
based on patients history and examination. Testing is done if bacterial infections is suspected (WBC, sputum culture, purulent discharge culture)
Complications:
Bacterial infections such as otitis media or sinusitis
Treatment:
Treat the symptoms. Increase rest, increase fluids, avoid chilling and relieve muscle ache discomfort
Medications
:: Decongestants, antihistamines, nasal sprays (neopsyenphrine) no more than 2 days; salt water gargles, throat lozenges, mild analgesics.
Complimentary Therapy: Echinacea and garlic (started within 48 hours) Vitamin C and Zinc for immunity; aromatherapy like methyl (Vicks in a steamer); Acupuncture/acupressure
Health Promotion:
WASH YOUR HANDS! Avoid large crowds, cough into sleeve, use disposable tissues. (hankies harbor germs) maintain good general health with stress reducing activities. Dispel myths (going out in rain cant cause URI)