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Chapter 5: Word Stress - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5: Word Stress
Define the word stress
Stressed syllables are most often defined as those syllables within an utterance that are longer, louder, and higher in pitch.
• From the speaker’s point of view, Stress involves a greater outlay of energy as air is expelled from the lungs in order to articulate stressed syllables
• From the listener’s point of view, the most salient features of stress are probably longer vowel duration in the stressed syllable and higher pitch.
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Types of stress
Strongly stress: Superscript accent mark (ˈ) before the syllable to indicate strongly stressed syllables.
E.g.
- Modify: /ˈmɑː.də.faɪ/
- Return /rɪˈtɝːn/*
Lightly stressed: To indicate lightly stressed syllables we use a subscript accent (ˌ) before the stressed syllables.
E.g.
- Desegregation /ˌdiː.seɡ.rəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
- Characteristic /ˌker.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪk/*
Unstressed: Unstressed syllables are not specially marked.
E.g.
- Home /hoʊm/
- See /siː/
- Goose /ɡuːs/
Ways to represent stress
Normal orthography:
E.g.
- JAP.an.ESE
- PHIL.o.SOph.ic.al
- ad.VEN.ture
- AC.a.DEM.ic
Phonetics transcription:
E.g.
- Under /ˈʌn.dɚ/
- Clockwork /ˈklɑːk.wɝːk/
- Preposterous /prɪˈpɑː.stɚ.əs/
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