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Movement in Geography - Coggle Diagram
Movement in Geography
Globalization and Trade
Balance of Trade - The difference in value between a country's imports and exports. Also known as exports minus imports. The US has a negative balance of trades. This means that we import more goods or services than we do export them. Germany has a positive balance of trades. This is because they export more goods and services than they import. This fits under the globalization and trade section because it is about the balance of trades which is obviously related to trade.
Capital/Investment - Wealth in the form of money. The process of investing money for profit or a material result. Capital or investment can be used when trading. Although many people think that trading solely consists of the exchange of goods and services it also includes capital. This is also known as money. Often times countries will exhchange a resource or good for money.
Choke Point - A point of congestion or blockage. A common choke point that is located in and connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is the Panama Canal. Choke points, the Panama Canal specifically, is used to ship commercial goods to save time and moeny when transporting things from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans.
Container ship - A ship that is designed to carry goods stowed in containers. Container ships often travel through choke points for efficency and they deliver goods from one country to another during the trade process. 
Commodity - A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold. The difference between a commodity and a product is that a commodity is a raw material used to manufacture finished goods. A product is that the finished product often sold to customers. Although many countries trade commodities in an economic sense. When a main country's main source of money and economic reliance is based on a commodity that can cause many future problems for the country's economy. Commodities are often plants or food sources that take time to grow and are often unpredictable so it can be difficult to base your whole economy on an unpredictable resource.
Comparative Advantage - The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity. When a country is better at making something than another country. For example, Mexico's comparative advantage is tomatoes because the cost to produce them is less than what it would be in the US. A country's comparative advantage is usually what their entire economy is based on.
Creative Destruction - The incessant product and process innovation mechanism by which new production units replace outdated ones. In more simple terms, it is when a new product that is better than the old is created and causes there no need for the new one. An example of this would be Netflix. Ever since Netflix was created the need for discs has become almost obsolete.
Exports - Goods or services sent to another country to sell. They are the main source of income for many countries economies and allow for interaction between countries.
Fair Trade - Trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers. This allows for developing countries to have an opportunity to export goods such as bananas, coffee beans, tea, sugar, etc thus promoting international trade. Ben and Jerry's is an example of a company that uses fair trade. They import fair trade ingredients for their ice cream and this allows for those developing countries that they buy from to have more income than if they were to sell not using fair trade prices.
Globalization - The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Oftentimes globalization is good for companies who are looking to expand their buyers. The stages of globalization are trading with only wealthy people, world trade of goods using ships or other transportation, communication and information, and the virtual presence or AI.
Global Supply Chain - The worldwide system that a business uses to produce products or services. In more simple terms it means when a product is made in several different places along its journey to the country that imports it.
Goods - Merchandise or possessions. Goods are often used when exporting them from a country or importing them to a country. They are the main form of trade for the world.
Imports - Bring goods or services into ao country abroad for sale. Imports are the opposite of exports. It is when a country sells goods or services to other countries for money or for another good in return. The United States is the country that imports the most goods or services, with $2.6 trillion worth of things being imported every year. The second country with the highest amount of imports is China with $2.1 trillion every year.
Losers from globalization - People who are lower or working-class and mostly live in China or Germany or the US. Pretty much the lower half of the rich countries who make good money but are still working hard but their incomes have not improved.
Scarcity - The state of being in short supply. Scarcity can often leave countries in debt when they aren't able to supply a good for trade. If it is a commodity that is in short supply this can cause major problems for a country especially if they rely on that product for their economy. An example of this is right now there is predicted to be a cocoa bean shortage because one of the main producers of cocoa beans, the Ivory Coast, are struggling to plant new trees because of a recent war that just occurred.
Services - The action of helping or doing work for someone. Services are often used in trade for importing or exporting. The US is the country that exports the most services to other countries with over $805 billion worth of services being exported right now.
Specialization - The process of concentrating on and becoming an expert in a particular subject or skill. Often times if a country specializes in a commodity it can be difficult to sustain a reliable economy. For example, the Ivory Coast's economy is struggling because they aren't able to plant more cocoa trees from a war, which is their main source of income for their economy. The product that a country specializes in is their main source of income.
Trade - The action of buying and selling goods and services. Trade is used between different countries to relocate certain products because one country may specialize in it. This makes many resources available across the world even if it may only originate and come from one country. Trade is also a great way for countries to communicate and interact with one another.
Winners from globalization - Often times the winners of globalization are high-class people who don't have to work a ton. Their income often increases as time goes on and this causes them to become more and more wealthy as time passes.
Canada, Mexico, China - I grouped these 3 topics together because they all have one thing in common and that is they all trade with the US. (I also grouped them because I was running out of space). These are all very important to the economy of the US. Canada and the US mostly trade vehicles and machinery with a combined trade estimate of $97 billion. Mexico is the United States' third-largest trade partner with a total of $611.5 billion in trades. China is the largest trade partner of the US with an estimated $659.8 billion in trades. All three of these countries are super important for our economy.
Urbanization
Favela - A Brazilian shack or shanty town; a slum. Favela's often (especially ones located in Brazil) are built without planning, run by drug gangs, allows for a lot of freedom and creativity, containing lots of art, a lot of things you have to complete yourself with your community, and much more. Because most favelas, specifically one in Rio de Janeiro, is run by drug gangs, it can often be very dangerous and you aren't able to call the police because they are very corrupt and would make the situation worse. So although it may seem nice to be able to somewhat control your community and have a lot of freedom, it can be very dangerous for many people.
Gentrification - The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. Gentrification has both pros and cons. Some pros are that it decreases crime rates, improves the economy, and increases property value and taxes. Some cons are that it prices out former residents, changing to the culture of the community, and causing resentment.
Infrastructure - The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society. Facilities and systems serving a community. Infrastructure in most communities is being affected by people moving to more urban areas and moving out of more rural areas. This is causing strain on the city's ability for its infrastructure to keep up.
Megacity - A large city with a population of over 10 million. Megacities often become overpopulated over long, or sometimes even short, periods of time where it makes it difficult for their infrastructure to keep and get everything built for its new citizens.
Rural - A countryside or town. Often people in rural communities will migrate to an urban area for more opportunities or better education and this can affect their infrastructure and cause brain drain.
Primate City - A city whose population is at least twice the population of the second-largest city in the country. Primate cities are usually the political, cultural, and economic center of the country. For example, Tokyo is the primate city of Japan.
Suburban - An outlying district of a city; residential area. A lot of people who move into urban areas for more opportunities come to suburban places to live because it is cheaper and is directly outside of the city, making for a small commute. This can put a strain on the suburban community's infrastructure.
Urban - Relating to a city or town. Lots of people are moving to cities for more opportunities and that is causing strain on their infrastructure because of the rising population and population density.
Vancouver - Vancouver is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in North America. It consists of mostly working-class citizens. Vancouver was gentrified in 2012. Many of the property values rose and the economy also rose. Many of the original citizens in Vancouver were frustrated because they could not afford their business or house anymore from the higher rents.
Migration
Arab Spring - A series of anti-gov protests, upsprings, and armed rebellions spread across Arab in the 2010s. The Arab Spring was (in more simple terms) people starting to rebel against their government because of repressive leaders. This caused a lot of movement or migration because people were upset and just wanted to get out of their country. This lead to many internally displaced people in Arab.
Asylum - Protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. Often refugees seek asylum so that they can get temporary help from a country for their safety. If refugees would like to seek asylum they must first establish why they fear persecution in their native country and then second, they must prove why they fear harm due to their religion, race, nationality, political opinions, or particular social group.
Documented Immigrant - Any legal foreigner to the US that owns a document to prove their authenticity to remain here. Oftentimes documented immigrants, or immigrants in general, are looked at in a negative light and are seen as bringing bad things into the US or stealing jobs from native-born Americans. The fact is that most of the immigrants coming to the US are looking to start a new and better life where they are free from whatever is holding them back in their own country from succeeding.
Immigrant - A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country. Immigrants come from all over the world and often move to another country because they want to start a new and better life, or they are escaping from their native country. Immigrants can either be documented or undocumented meaning they have authentication to be in the new country.
Refugee - A person forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster. Refugees have certain rights under international laws. For example, refugees seeking asylum have specific rights as to how they are treated. Refugees are often seeking help and safety from tragic events that are happening in their native country. They have no choice but to leave and try and find a better life in another country.
Undocumented Immigrant - Foreign nationals who reside in a country illegally. Oftentimes people get upset about immigrants coming into a country, especially illegal ones because they are afraid they will steal job opportunities for residing residents and that they will bring drugs and violence into the country.
UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. This organization protects displaced communities, refugees, and stateless people. It is a great way for these kinds of people to be taken care of and given the supplies, they need to survive whilst in the process of escaping their country for various reasons. They are a great organization to help people in need of a new and better life than the one they were previously living.
Syria - Ever since 2010 Syria has been going through a refugee crisis which is one of the largest refugee and displacement crises of our time. Over 5.6 million Syrians are refugees and another 6.2 million are internally displaced. Almost 12 million people in Syria need humanitarian assistance.
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