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Grey and white matter injury: Neuropathology - Coggle Diagram
Grey and white matter injury: Neuropathology
in neurons
dendrites
cell body
morphology of injury
cell body reactions to axonal injury
axonal degeneration
secondary demyelination
phagocytosis
chromatolysis
axonal regeneration
intraneuronal inclusion
viral
non-viral (storage material)
chromatolysis
Nissl substance dissolved
change occurs within 3 days
neuronal satellitosis
neuronophagia
neuronal loss
vacuoles
telodendron
causes
hypoxia
inflammatory mediators
"bystander injury"
bacterial toxins
lytic viral infection
heavy metals
nutritional deficiency
hypoglycemic due to insulinoma
reduced ATP generation
mechanisms
excitotoxicity
excessive/sustained release of excitatiry neurontransmitters
acidophilic necrosis
oxidative injury
reactive oxygen species
inflammation
cellular respiration
lipid peroxidation
acidophilic necrosis
eosinophilic
triangular shaped
shrunken
degenerate nucleus
reperfusion injury
axons
if only axon is damaged, cell may be able to regenerate
PNS only
Wallerian degeneration
mechanical separation of axonal process from proximal axon and neuron cell body
when axon dies, myelin degenerates proximally and distally
if too close to neuron, may also degenerate
macrophages phagocytize debris
spheroids/torpedoes ("meganeurites")
identified with Bielschowsky silver stain
axonophagia/digestion chambers
can survive for a long time
in astrocytes
gemistocytic
fibrillary
nothing to do with fibers btw
elongated and spindle shaped
rosenthal fiber
dark red eosinophilic strands
feature of astrocytic reactions
not common but well known
strong GFAP
alzheimer type 2
large vesicular nuceli
assocaited with hepatic encephalotpathy
in oligodendrocytes
satellitosis
seen commonly in non-mammals
primary demyelination
causes mismatch of axonal impulse transmission
in microglia
activated microglia
microglial nodule
neuronophagia
will be filled in by astrocytes
foamy macrophages/gitter cells
in endothelial cells/vascular epithelium?
white matter injury
status spongiosus
not
spongiform encephalopathy
"spongy state"
requires EM to confirm
ependymal cells?
