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Movement in Geography - Coggle Diagram
Movement in Geography
Globalization & Trade: How people and countries of the world interact and integrate
Imports: Things that come into our country. Importing is very important because somethings you aren't able to grow or make in your country.
Exports: Things that get sent to other countries. Exporting goods is very good because you are able to supply other countries with things they otherwise wouldn't be able to get.
Balance of Trade: Differences between imports and exports.
Trades Between Countries
Services: Banking/consolting services, legal services and technology services. This is connected to trading because many countries don't have the resources to be able to have these services. So, when we are able to help them then countries are more lenient in wanting to help you in return.
Money: Capital/Investments: Investing in stock. This is connected to trade because many countries don't have access to this. They have money but they don't know what to do with it so we let them invest in our stock market.
Goods: Things you are able to touch. For example: Food, cars, petroleum, pharmaceuticals and aircraft engines are some of the U.S. top exports to other countries.
America's Biggest Trade Partners
China: China is the US's biggest importer
Mexico: The US's and Mexico Import and Export more evenly to each other than the other 2 countries.
Canada: Canada is one of the US's biggest trading partners. They are US's biggest export
Reasons For Trade
Specialization: tendency of countries to specialize in certain products which they trade for other goods, rather than all counting on themselves to produce all of the products.
Comparative Advantage: Countries specialized in making goods or services that they have a comparative advantage. For Example: Ireland has an advantage with cheese and butter due to the climate and large amounts of land for cows. So, other countries are at a disadvantage in that category.
Scarcity: When countries are going through shortages, countries tend to help them out by sending them food and shelter, among other things as well
Developing Countries
commodity: raw material that can be bought or sold. This applies to the Ivory Coast because they grow and produce cocoa trees for the good of the world but they barely get anything in return. But, Fair Trade is helping with that.
Fair Trade: Trade between companies in developing countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to producers. This is linked to trade because developing countries are able to grow some of the best things, and it is also good to give back especially to developing countries.
Transportation of Goods
Choke Point: A point of congestion. Too many ships moving through. One of the most famous Choke Points is The Malaccan Strait in the Indian Ocean.
Container Ships: The first container ship ever made was in 1956. Ever since than, they have been the main source of movement for goods, shipping them all around the world.
Global Supply Chain: Networks that can span across the world for just one business. For example, Apple has places all over the world that specialize in making 1 part of the iPhone and then they send it off to another part of the world to continue constructing it.
Globalization Winners and Losers
Winners: Workers who gain jobs in the export industry, new middle class in developing and emerging economies, educated and skilled workers who have power to gain higher wages and workers who are able to move to higher income economies.
Losers: manufactoring sector in in high labor cost countries, poorest 5% who have seen stagnant incomes, economic and social pressures from migration, land-lock countries unable to develop an export industry.
Migration: movement of people
Immigrants: Someone who leaves their home country and goes to live in another country permanently. This correlates to migration because it is the movement of people from one place to another.
Documented Immigrants: This is someone who goes to a country, gets a green card (for example) and lives their legally. This is linked to migration because they migrated (left) their country in search of a new home.
Undocumented immigrants: This is someone migrates from their country and sneaks into another country without legal papers that are allowing them to be there. These people are in search of a better life for them and their family, and they usually work in the shadows so there are no questions asked.
Refugees: A person who has been forced to leave their home country against their wishes in order to escape war or natural disasters. A very large part of migrants are refugees in the Middle East, Africa and South America
Asylum: Granted protection by a government for someone who has left their country as a political refugee or someone who's safety is at risk. This is connected to migration because these people have migrated/been forced out of their countries due to their safety being a risk.
UNHRC: UNHRC stand for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. This is an agency that aids and protects refugees. They provide refugee camps with medical care, water and food to keep people healthy. This is one of the main organizations that was built to help refugees.
Syria: Syria is a place in the Middle East where many refugees go to seek asylum and get away from what is happening in their country.
Arab Spring: Arab Spring was a series of anti - government protests and armed rebellions. This spread across most of the Arab world in 2010. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in Tunisia. It began on December 18, 2010, and end in December of 2012, lasting 2 years. This is linked to migration because even Arabs who migrated all around the world followed this protest in anger.
Urbanization:The process of making a rural area more urban (city) through changes in Infrastructure and Lifestyles.
Gentrification: Renewal/Renovations of rural places to be able to attract more attention. How this comes into play with urbanization is that in the process of turning a rural setting into an urban setting, you will need to renovate and upgrade to be able to satisfy peoples needs.
Favela: A slum in Brazil that has avoided rule and gentrification for years.
Suburban: A residential area outside of a city. This is connected to Gentrification because suburbs are always being redeveloped.
Rural: Countryside rather than a city or town. This relates to gentrification because the world is developing and many rural areas are being urbanized (turned into large town/cities)
Vancouver, Canada: Vancouver is a very good example of Gentrification. In the 1960's to 1970's Vancouver underwent gentrification to attract tourists because Vancouver was mainly for low income people. But, gentrification didn't help low income people in the slightest because prices on everything went up and forced many of those people out.
Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structure of a society. How Urbanization related to Infrastructure is that urbanization is turning a more rural city into a city, and with that you need to reorganize the way that place works in order for it to grow and develop. That is where Infrastructure comes into play. You can't have one without the other and be successful.
Carrying Capacity: The number of people an environment is able to support. This relates to Infrastructure because they need to know how many people the Infrastructure in that area is able to support, and if they need more or less of certain things.
Some example of Infrastructure are: Water Supply, Roads, Sewers, Bridges and Electrical Grid
Types of Cities
Primate City: A city whose population is at least twice as the big as the population of the second largest city. This is connected to urbanization by showing that cities are continuing to grow.
London, England is an example of a Primate City
Urban: City, City Life
Denver, Colorado is an urban setting
Megacity: A megacity is a city that has a population that is greater than 10,000,000. This related to urbanization by showing the growth in a city and the expansion of that city to areas around it.
New York City is an example of a Megacity with a population of 18,804,000 people.
Rural to Urban Migration: People who lived in a rural area (countryside) and migrated to an urban area (city). This is linked to urbanization because it shows how cities grow quickly. People want better jobs and a better education, and they are unable to get that in a rural setting so they move into an urban area.
Brain Drain: Migation of individuals from a more rural setting to urban settings in search of better jobs, higher education and more benefits. These are usually people who are more ambitious, smarter and have more of an entrepreneurial mindset.
Push & Pull Factors of People Leaving Rural Areas: (Push) There are not enough jobs, not a very good education. (Pull) More space, cleaner air, more relaxing
Push & Pull Factors of Going to an Urban Area: (Pull) Better education, better jobs, more economic activity, family ties, more exciting. (Push) Very busy, stressful, not a lot of space, terrible air quality.