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Movement in Geography, Favelas, Arab Spring was a series of protests. They…
Movement in Geography
Urbanization
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the basic foundation for a functioning society, a physical and organizational structure of a society. Some examples of this are roads, water system, education system, electricity grid, sewer system and pipes just to name a few. 
Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity is the number of people that an environment can support. The infrastructure of a city is important to this, a good infrastructure means a higher carrying capacity. An example of a badly planned infrastructure is in Brazil, specifically Rio de Janeiro. The favelas in Rio show how the infrastructure is poor because of how the government neglected them.
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Gentrification
Renewal of urban areas. One example of this is in Vancouver a City in Canada. Downtown Vancouver experienced Gentrification and that changed a lot for them. There were more job opportunities and less vacant propriety. Although Gentrification is a renewal or urban areas to make them fit more middle class standards. Which wasn't good because it originally had more low income housing and places for people with lower income. Needless to say that changed quite a bit and affected a lot of people.
Gentrification often can open up more jobs like what happened in Vancouver. This brings in more money and more people.
City types
Mega city
A Mega city is a city with a population of more than 10 million people.
A Primate city is a that has a population that is at least twice the population as the second largest city in that country. Primate cities are usually capitols.
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Different Areas
Urban
Rural to Urban
Push Factors
There are multiple push factors of rural to urban. One of these reasons is that there isn't a huge amount of economic activity or opportunity in rural areas. There is a lack of healthcare and education opportunities in rural places as well. One of the main reasons that this is an issue is because of the lack of infrastructure in rural places.
Pull Factors
The pull factors of rural to urban are that there is more economic activity in more urbanized places. Another reason may be that someone has family ties to someone who lives in an urban area. There is also the excitement of younger people who are drawn to bigger places that have a lot of cultural, political, and economic activity.
The impact of rural to urban migration are brain drains. A brain drain is when there is a lack of educated and ambitious people because all of those people left to more urbanized areas.
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City's or densely populated areas.
Suburban
Residential area that is outside of a city.
Rural
Rural areas are places that aren't densely populated. Places like this are sometimes referred to as countrysides.
Migration
Immigrants
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Undocumented
An undocumented immigrant that goes to a country and stays there without documentation, so illegally.
Who are immigrants? They are people that are looking for economic opportunity, freedom or rights. Those are some of the appeals of leaving whichever country they are from. Immigrants often are ambitious people as well as new ideas and hard working people.
UNHRC
United Nations Refugee Agency. They are responsible for the safety and protection of refugees on a global scale.
Refugee
A refugee is a person that has fled their country in fear of war, being persecuted or other reasons that could put them in danger. They often are seeking asylum in a different country.
Asylum
Asylum is when a country allows refugees to enter the country and they are now under that countries protection.
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Globalization and Trade
What is Globalization?
What is Trade?
Imports and Exports
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Imports- Products that comes into our country.
Exports- Products that are sold and sent to other countries.
Balance of Trade
The balance of trade is the difference between the amount of things your export and the amount of things you import. Having a more even balance between those two things (which the United States does not have, we import more then we export).
What is fair trade?
Fair Trade is when lower income workers aren't taken advantage of. So, the people at the beginning of the supply chain. This would mean that the prices for the products would be higher.
The United States doesn't have a good balance of trade because we mainly import instead of export. The main importers to the United States is China, Canada, Mexico, and Japan. The United States does export a little though and they export to Canada and Mexico. Trading helps the economic flow of money back and forth which is why it is important to have a balance of trade.
The exchange of goods, services and Capital/Investments between two or more countries.
Globalization is how countries and people of the world interact and integrate. Examples of this would be traveling (experiencing different cultures), Trade (economic integration), and political integration.
Who benefits from Globalization, or who are the winners? :
Many people can benefit from Globalization. Such as benefiting with higher quality of life, or gaining jobs from more countries exporting. This also means higher GDP per capita. As well as more exposure to new ideas, cultures and products (such as fashion). There is also opportunity for increased cooperation between countries.
The negative part of Globalization is there is more domestic job loss because of more trading, there is a loss of economic independence, and exploitation of people and resources. Such as poor working conditions and environment degradation. Globalization can also increase political tensions, such as with the U.S and China and teriffs.
So, who are the losers and who are the winners? People at the beginning of the supply chain might suffer more because of there poor working conditions. Places that rely on there economic independence will also suffer and people that work jobs that are a foreign countries specialty. An example of this is how Mexico makes cheaper cars and the U.S imports them, then people that manufacture cars in the U.S would lose there jobs and suffer because of it. Those are the people that would be the losers of globalization. The winners would be people that don't work a the beginning of the supply chain, and people the manufacture things that are there countries specialty. Those are the kinds of people that would be the winners of globalization.
Specialization is when a country focuses on producing one thing. Similar to how specifically China produces things that the Unites States specifically wants.
Countries specialize in making a goods or services that they know they have an advantage with. That is comparative advantage. An example of this is the United States with making weapons. Other examples are people using beaches which is a trade for your money, similar to ski resorts and any other type of vacation really.
Scarcity is a lack of something. This can tie into specialization and comparative advantage because a country that specializes in one thing probably has a scarce amount of other materials. They don't have the comparative advantage in this situation.
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Arab Spring was a series of protests. They were protesting the oppressive regimes and the low standard of living which can connect to all of the different categories. It connects to migration because of the movement of people through Syria along with the fact that people probably left the country and migrated else where when things got bad (the protests and the response with excessive force of the authorities). The Civil unrest that had spread throughout Syria. This can connect to urbanization through lack of infrastructure and the instability of the society. The lack of infrastructure and carrying capacity affect living conditions as well. After all the favelas were also a cause of bad infrastructure/planning.