Human-Centric
Empowerment
Individual as the point of integration
Data usability
Data access
Re-use/Secondary use
Portability
Contributes to
Data availability
Transparency and accountability
Raises questions of
Type of empowermet
Who is empowered
Rights-based / Citizen
Market-participation / Consumer
Individuals
Groups/Communities/Societies
Mean to contribute to
Trust
Raises questions of
Should people just trust more or should organisations compete in trustworthiness?
What are appropriate kinds of trust? (= not all trust is created equal)
Whose definition of trust? (=cultural, reginal, and personal difference in what's considered trustworthy)
Technical implementations of identity management
Centralised (e.g. Aadhaar)
Decentralised / self-sovereign
Data quality
Raises questions of
What if people don't know what's good for them?
Malicious actors tricking people into sharing data
Basic data literacy
Vulnerable people and groups
Apathy / fatigue
Interoperability
Fragmentation of international, regional, and national legislation on data (= legal interop)
Differences in business models/logics (business interop)
Differences in technologies (technical interop)
Also sematic interop
Oranisational interop
Differences in governance
Plethora of conceptual and/or implemented models to govern data
Data intermediaries, trusts, fiduciaries, etc etc etc.
Plethora of things to govern
is also related to (usability requires interop, interop enables usability)
is also related to (achieving some (benefit) with data is a condition for a sense and actualisation of) empowerment)
Monetisation
Types
Moral consequences
Direct
Dividend
Basic income
Indirect
Better services
Unexplored potential here?
Micropayments
Privacy as luxury
Reduction of agency
Capitalism as the preferred system
Relates to
Standards
Differences in language and terminology understanding (epistemic interop)
People
Data
Technology
Organisations
Within organisations
Within ecosystems
Ecosystems
The internet
Which ones? The privileged, the marginalised?
Who is accountable?
Towards whom is the accountability?
Businesses, legislators, technology developers, designers, governments, individuals, groups?
Who enforces accountability?
Municipal/national/regional governments/industries/independent/civil society bodies?
Scope of data to be portable
Provided, observed, captured, inferred, created?
Data storage
Centralised
Decentralised
Self-hosted
Data store providers
Government
Business
Permissioned by the individual
Mandatory
For profit
For public policy needs
For research
By the individual
By a company
Relates to
Proportionality of rights, responsibilities, risks, and opportunities
Reasonable individual responsibility
Control of data
Raises questions of
Competing rights or claims to the same data
Data that cannot or should not be controlled by people themselves (=national security, public health, etc.)
Raises further questions of
Paternalism/government overreach
Who should decide what cannot be controlled by the people themselves? Municipality/nation/region/global body?
Conceptualisations of data
Data as a good (economics)
Ontological status
Legal and other rights possible/coonceivable
Economic ramifications (taxation etc)
Is related to
Data as control
Data as labour
Data as commodity
Data as resource
Data as a utility
Relates to
Solidarity in apportioning risks and opportunities
By whom and under which conditions?
Compulsory, under certain conditions, never?
Diversity in kinds and degrees and objects of trust in terms of governance
Relates to
Problems with consent
Reasonable organisational (business, government) responsibility)
Relates to
Differences in values (ethical/cultural interop)
Who gets to set the de facto language?
Plurality of normativities needed, how to facilitate?
Privacy
Relates to
Relates to
Human dignity
Human-centered design