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Chapter 3B: Transcription, Core transcription factors bind to PROMOTER and…

- - - - DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds and begins transcribing
    - - DNA sequence where RNA stops transcribing
- - - - regulation of TRANSCRIPTION depends on whether RNA Polymerase and associated proteins are able to bind with the promoter
        
        REGULATORY REGION (upstream of the gene)
        
        ENHANCERS: bound by proteins, help determine HOW MUCH/WHERE/WHEN gene is transcribed
        
        PROMOTER: has a binding site for RNA Polymerase and associated proteins used to make
        mRNA
  - - - EXON: sequence that's left INTACT in mRNA after RNA splicing
      - INTRON: a sequence that is CUT OUT from the primary transcript and DEGRADED during RNA splicing
- - - - Once enhancer binder proteins bind to enhancer, they RECRUIT a MEDIATOR COMPLEX of proteins
        
        mediator complex recruits RNA POLYMERASE COMPLEX (POL II) to the promoter
        
        once mediator complex and Pol II complex are in place, TRANSCRIPTION IS INITIATED
- - - - attached in a 5' to 5' phosphate linkage to the terminal RNA nucleotide
      - essential for translation, helps STABILIZE the transcript
      - what ribosome INITIALLY RECOGNIZES for where to bind mRNA
  - - - CLEAVAGE a little downstream from poly(A) site
      - poly(A) polymerase adds adenines to the molecule
        
        important for RNA EXPORT from the nucleus
        
        increases mRNA STABILITY and LIFESPAN in cytoplasm
        
        aids in TRANSLATION INITIATION
- - - - cleavage/attachment