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Soviet Union under stalin - Coggle Diagram
Soviet Union under stalin
POWER STRUGGLE
1924 Lenin dies
proceeded by illness
writes testament: not read publicly, conferences re Stalin
growing distrust of Stalin
Key ideas
permament/worldwide revolution
'Socialism in one country'
Fear of an emerging dictatorship (Trotsky) (Stalin underestimated)
reasons for Stalins emergence as a leader
ban on factionalism
power in party stuctures
tactics 'Great Turn' (funeral)
underestimated (cross of others)
flexible centrist ideology
luck
'great turn' and industrialisation (Dec 1972
Causes/reasons
increase grain supplies
increase/better living standards
Make USSR an industrial power (Keep up with west)
increase military strength
achieve self-suffieciency
increase grain supplies
prove stalin
force collapse of private industry- transition to socialist society
key features
ambitious targets
focus on heavy industry
central planning
1st 5-year plan
aim of 300% increase in production
dominated by heavy industry
chaotic/poorly plane- specific planning left to managers
uneven progrees, material shortages, quality issues, lack of skilled workers, transport issues,
Bourgeois specialists blamed-show trails use of dissidents and forced labour, 'shock brigades'
2nd 5-year plan (1933-1937)
consolidation
detailed planning
increased production of consumer goods (still lagged)
utilisation of schemes from 1st 5 year plan
'Three good years'- most successful part of all 5 year plans (1934-36)
some problems of 1st plan addressed (railways and training)
3rd 5-year plan
3.5 years (WW2)
shit back to heavy industry--> armaments
return to chaotic planning
increasingly impacted by the purge
results
industrial transformation and increasing prod. (uneven)
'quicksand society'
marginal improvements in living standards
collectivisation (1927/29-39)
reasons
direct labour to industry
'Socialisation' of agriculture
effeciency Increased production
ease of grain procurement (crisis- avoid war communism style requisitioning)
resisted by peasants
dekulukisation
use of terror
effects
famine
Ukraine (Holodomor) genocide?
man-made (Soviet policies, deliberate?)
killed 3-5 millions/more
enormous drop in production -> eventual increase
increased peasant resistance, then broke it
increased party control of villages
moderinisation of agriculture
grain procured
feeds industry
export market
Great Terror/Purges (mid-late 1930's)
Estimated deaths: 650 000-1.2 mill (or more)
Non-violent chitska (cleansing) of party (1932-35) TP = Kirov murder (Dec 1934)
NKVD led mass terror (Yezhovschina) 1937-38
key characteristics
executions
torture
gulags (forced labour)
show trials
NKVD order No. 00447
ethnic minorities and kulaks
cult of stalin
propaganda (with Lenin)
rewriting of history
successful with limitations
terror