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Geology - Coggle Diagram
Geology
Fossils
Impression: Forms when an organism dies and it leaves behind it remains. These remains then form an impression in the rock/ground. This can also create a hollow mould. When this happens and the actual remains the decay you still have an imprint and therefore a fossil.
Imprint: Imprint fossils are formed from an organism moving in some way, leaving behind a trace or track. These tracks are preserved when the clay/silt dries slowly and is covered by other sediments.
Trace Fossils: Trace fossils are those details preserved in rocks that are indirect evidence of life. While we are most familiar with relatively spectacular fossil hard part remains such as shells and bones, trace fossils are often less dramatic, but nonetheless very important
Moulds and Casts: A fossil formed when an animal, plant, or other organism dies, its flesh decays and bones deteriorate due to chemical reactions; minerals gradually enter into the cavity, resulting in a cast.
Permineralization: Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue.
Rocks
Igneous: Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.
Metamorphic: The original rock is subjected to heat and pressure, causing profound physical or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary: Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface.
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Erosion
Wind: Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by wind power. Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms.
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Gravity: Gravity pulls down rocks ,therefore, transporting it.
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Ice: Ice erosion occurs in one of two forms, the movement of glaciers, or thawing processes. In the latter formation, water inside pores and rock fractures expand, which causes further cracking.
Weathering
Chemical: Chemical weathering is caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clays) and soluble salts. These reactions occur particularly when the water is slightly acidic.
Biological: Biological weathering is weathering caused by plants and animals. Plants and animals release acid-forming chemicals that cause weathering and also contribute to the breaking down of rocks and landforms.
Physical: Physical weathering is a term used in science that refers to the geological process of rocks breaking apart without changing their chemical composition. Over time, movements of the Earth and environment can break apart rock formations, causing physical weathering.
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