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Approaches to Management - Coggle Diagram
Approaches to Management
1. Management by Objective (MBO)
Who?
Drucker (1954)
What is it?
Setting goals & objectives for employees
Everyone has roles & responsibilities and has a job description - Tall/Triangle hierarchy.
Goal congruence: Where employees have the same goals as the business.
'Doing it this way, by this time'
Disadvantages
Staff don't get their opinions & ignores the culture of the business.
2. Situational & Contingency Management
Who?
Hersey-Blanchard (1969)
What is it?
'If your team is low skilled, you'll be telling them what to do'
Managers should adapt their approach according to the 'readiness' of employees to do the task.
Readiness = The ability (skills) & willingness (motivation) of employees to complete tasks. It is categorised at 4 levels from low to high
More help is needed at the lower level from the managers in order to support staff. Telling --> Selling --> Participating--> Delegating
3. Functional & Action Centred Management
Who?
John Adair (1973)
What is it?
This approach is modern for businesses today
Adair suggested that the approach that managers take to managing should be based around: 1. The Task 2. The Team 3. The Individual
The 3 circles are together so they work together
INDIVIDUAL: It's important to know every individual's strengths & weaknesses in a team
TEAM: It's about deciding the make up of the team.
TASK: Is about identifying the aims & visions of the group. E.g. identifying what they need - equipment etc.
4. Transformational & Transactional Management
Transformational
Who?
Riggo (2006)
What is it?
Considers the business environment. Consider’s what is going on in the world, outside the business
Builds a motivational climate for completing tasks as a team
Motivates leaders & empowers employees
Changing the organisations culture by implementing new ideas
Setting examples to influence & inspire employees to complete tasks & learn new ways of learning to keep up with the future
Transactional
Who?
Max Webber (1947)
What is it?
Believes in motivating individuals through a system of rewards and punishment.
If an employee does what is required, they will be rewarded. If they don’t do what is asked, they will be punished.
A basic approach focusing on controlling, organising and short term planning
Motivation is through a system of rewards.
This is an example of ‘piecework’ - getting paid for each task you do e.g. Amazon, Primark etc.
