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Timeline to World War I, 1., 1912 - The Balkan Alliance
The Balkan…
Timeline to World War I
1789-1799 - French Revolution
Years of social and political revolution inside of France based on radical change due to the enlightenment movement and scientific revolution. There was violent and increased conflict during this time due to divisions between the conservative and liberal movement. In the end the conservative movement was able to crush the division in liberalism and continue the monarchy through Napoleon. This results in increased tensions between these two groups that echoes throughout Europe in later years.
1814-1815 - Congress of Vienna
A conference that took place among the four great powers: Austria-Hungary, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain regarding the status of Europe after Napoleon's defeat. The conference solidified the powers of the four powers in Europe continuing the reign of monarchy in this region. As a result not everyone in Europe is satisfied, especially liberal movements who believe power should not be centralized; this means increased tensions between countries and civil division.
1848 - Year of Revolution
Set the standards for liberal movements across Europe and was a time where nationalist and liberal movements aligned. Many of these revolutions resulted in further tension and violence through the fight between conservative and liberal powers. It became clear that when liberal movements arose, violence would proceed as the government was not satisfying the needs of the people. This resulted in a shift in politics and increased division.
1866 - Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought between two great powers in Europe: Austria-Hungary and Prussia. The war allowed Prussia to gain territory in the North and become a greater power in Europe. The war set the stage for later wars with Prussia that would result in more territory, and even more power. With increased power, comes increased tensions between other nations.
1871 - Franco-Prussian War
France and Prussia went to war and Bismarck was able to unify the Northern and Southern parts of Germany after winning the war. As a result, Germany became a prominent power in Europe, resulting in industrial and military strength. This created tensions between surrounding European nations that felt threatened by Germany’s presence.
1873 - The Three Emperors League
An alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary created by Bismarck. The Three Emperors League was created so that all three countries could control eastern Europe and to keep peace between Russia and Austria-Hungary. Bismarck thought that this alliance would lead to Austria-Hungary leaving the Balkans alone but Austria-Hungary instead took a bolder stance against Balkan nationalism.
1877 - Russo - Turkish War
Russia and Turkey went to war over the future of Bulgaria. The Ottoman empire was falling apart and many nation-states wanted to gain political power for their individual ethnic group. This heightened sense of nationalism permeated throughout Europe increasing tensions between countries who wanted their ethnicity to control all political power.
1878 - Treaty of San Stefano
Bulgaria got independence, Serbia and Romania got territory, Austria-Hungary supervised Bosnia-Herzegovina, Russia kept its territories. The Austria-Hungary government and the British government thought Russia would have too much power if Russia supervised Bosnia-Herzegovina. This caused tension between Russia and Austria-Hungary over the territory.
1879 - The Dual Alliance
An alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary. With the Dual Alliance, Germany and Austria-Hungary promised Russia assistance if they needed it. Was the first of the alliances between these two countries that established a stronger relationship between them, in which the alliance could potentially result in opposition in Russia and surrounding territories.
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1912 - The Balkan Alliance
The Balkan alliance was an alliance between the Balkan states of Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro which was encouraged by Russia. This alliance wanted to force Turkey from the Balkans. They did this by taking Macedonia and dividing it up between themselves. This caused tension between the party’s of the alliance and Turkey.