3.3 Composition of feedstock is given - demand is never in balance

3.5 High value biomass for products - low value organic residue for energy

3.8 Cheaper feedstock for low value products - high value co-products from costly feedstock

4.3 The BALI proces - high value products from all main components of the feedstock

The first sulfite ethanol was produced in 1909. There have been 33 such plants in operation of which only one Domsjö is still operating currently.

From From 1927 to to 1990, there were 17 sulfite plants operating as confirmed by K. Niemelä.

There were 4 sulfite ethanol plants in operation. One of them is Borregaard is still operating currently.

In Bellingham, Georgia-Pacific shut down their sulfite ethanol production in the end of 2001.

A couples of Russian factories have produced sulfite ethanol from hydrolysed hemicellulose recently, however, their status is not public to the authors.

Production of bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. There are huge amounts of hemicellulose containing approximately 80% hexoses which can be fermented by baker's yeast to ethanol.

Ethanol has been manufactured from the cellulose which is a part of wood. From 1935 to 1985 Soviet Union hydrolysed wood by weak sulfuric acid at 130-150 degree Celsius to create sugars in solution.

These plants have come to an end because the yield of ethanol producing was low, and the process produce big amounts of lignin side streams that are hard for energy production could utilise and therefore is was not unbeneficial.

Steam explosion was the most common pre-treatment process for the structure's cellulose examination and the preparation for the hydrolysis and other.