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Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems - Coggle Diagram
Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems
Basic Types of Cells and Tissues
Parenchyma
Cells have only Primary walls
Parenchyma Tissue
Mass of Parenchyma cells
Most Common type of cell and tissue
Active Metabolically, Usually Remain Alive After Maturity
Numerous Subtypes for Specific Tasks
Chlorenchyma Cells
Parenchyma Cells Involved in Photosynthesis
Numerous Chloroplast, Highly Permeable Cell Walls
Glandular Cells
Secrete Nectar, Fragrances, Mucilage, Resins, and Oils
Few Chloroplast, Large Amounts of Dictyosomes and ER
Transport Large Mounts of Sugar and Minerals to Themselves
Transfer Cells
Mediate Short Distance Transport by way of Plasma Membrane
Collenchyma
Primary Wall Thin in Some Areas and Thick in Others
Wall Exhibits Plasticity, Similar to Clay
Present in Elongating Shoot Tips
Present as Layer Just Under the Epidermis
Sclerenchyma
Has Both Primary Wall and Secondary Thicker Wall
Walls are Elastic,
Develop From Parenchyma Cells in Mature Organs
Support Plants by its Strength Alone
Walls Strong Enough to Prevent Protoplasts from Expanding
Conducting
Sclereids
More or less isodiametric: dead at maturity
Fibers
Long: Many Types die , Others Remain Alive and Involve Storage
Mechanical
External Organization of Stems
Leaf Axil
Miniature Shoot with Young Leaves and Dormant Apical Meristem
Buds
Auxiliary Buds
Bud Scales
Small, Corky, Waxy Leaves that Protect Delicate Organs
Terminal Buds
Bud at the Very Tip of the Stem
Nodes
Where Leaves are Attached to the Stem
Internodes
Regions between Nodes
Phyllotaxy
Arrangement of Leaves on the Stem
Alternate
1 Leaf for Every 1 Node
Opposite
2 Leaves for Every 1 Node
Rhizomes
Fleshy Horizontal Stems that Allow Underground Spread
Tubers
Horizontal Like Rhizomes, Grow for Short Time Mainly for Storage
Internal Organization of Stems : Arrangement of Primary Tissues
Cortex
Simple and Homogenous, Composed of Photosynthesis Parenchyma
Cortex Parenchyma is Aerenchyma
Open Tissue with Large Intercellular Spaces
Vascular Tissues
Xylem
Conducts Water and Minerals
Two Types of Conducting Cells
The Term Tracheary Element Refers to Cell Type
Secondary Wall, Set of Rings Called Annular Thickenings
Phloem
Distributes Sugars and Minerals
Two types of Conducting Cells
Sieve Cells
Sieve Tube Members
Epidermis
Outermost Surface of an Herbaceous Stem
Cutin
Fatty Substance That Makes the Wall Impermeable to Water
Cuticle
Cutin Build up as Layer
Layer of Wax may be Present Outside of Cuticle
Stoma
Contain Guard Cells and Stomatal Pores
Trichomes
Hair-like epidermal Cells