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Problems of Empiricism and Postivism, and some Alternatives to Empiricism …
Problems of Empiricism and Postivism, and some Alternatives to Empiricism
Problems of Empiricism
Concepts and experience
Theoretical entities in science
The role of theories in scientific explanation
Reasoning and creativity in the invention of theories
Two ways of criticizing positivism
The extension of scientific methods to human social life
What accouts for science
Furthur problems of Positivism
The failings of empiricist model of science
The superority of science over non-empiricist model of science
Problems related to appling social scientific knowledge to social engineering
Some Alternatives to Empiricism
Marxism
Overcome the artificial split between social and natural science
Science as obejective and interest-free
Wider participation and social accountability
Weber, Merton and the Sociology of Science
Value-free commitment to empirical truth
The autonomy of science from external pressure
Four moral norms: universalism, communism, disinterestedness, organized scepticism
Historical Epistemology and structural Marxism
The process of formation of scientific disciplines through a networks of error and delusion
The concept of problematic and epistemological break
Science as a historically changing and socially situated human practice
Revolutions and relativism
Science as involving a progressive accumulation of knoeledge
Paradigm, normal science
Revolution and paradigm shift
Gender and Science: the feminist version
Advocate greater female participation in science
Gender relations
Recognition of complexity and interaction in dynamic systems
Respect and love for nature