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Five Education Report in Post Independence - Coggle Diagram
Five Education Report in Post Independence
Rahman Talib Report 1960
Headed by Abdul Rahman Talib, Minister of Education, Federation of Malaya in June 1960
Aim: to consolidate the education system of the country
reviewed the implementation of the National Education Policy contained in the Razak Report and tried to improve the education system
Suggestions
all primary schools using the mother tongue language be abolished and replaced with national and national-type schools for the purpose of national unity
Malay language as the main medium of instruction in schools, besides pre-requisite for potential students entering secondary schools and teacher training college.
free primary school education
automatic promotion until Form Three
introduction of Standard Five assessment examination
emphasis on Moral education
enhancement of vocational and technical education
teaching of Islamic Education (pre-requisite at least 15 pupils)
monitoring of primary schools by School Inspectorate to ensure teaching quality
emphasis on teacher training program
Incentives were also given to those excelled in Malay language.
Education Act 1961
aims to establish a national system of education, to promote the cultural, economy and political advancement in this country
implemented fully in Sabah and Sarawak
Level of Education made up of:
i) primary school education
ii) lower secondary school education
iii) upper secondary school education
iv) education in other educational institution
Primary Education:
i) compulsory for all children of school going age
ii) free for all
iii) offered in national schools and national-type school
Secondary Education: Offered in the types of schools:
i) normal lower secondary
ii) normal upper secondary
iii) trade
iv) technical
v) vocational
vi) secondary (approval from MOE)
Islamic education
i) Only offered if more than 15 Muslim pupils
ii) Taught by trained Agama teachers
iii) Two periods a week during school hours
Aminuddin Baki Report 1964
After a year being a Chief Education Advisor of Malaya, Aminuddin Baki introduced the report
Contributions
Proposed the government to issue that students can only quit school at the age of fifteen.
Provide the student with suitable occupation as soon as they leave school
Provide various occupation opportunity
Introduce various courses in education to cater and produce various technical skills of manpower
Malay is used as the medium of language in school
Establishing the SIjil Rendah Pelajaran (SRP), SIjil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia (STPM) and set up the Malaysia Examinations Board.
Cabinet Committee Report 1979
Objective:
to review the goals and effectiveness of the present education system for the purpose of meeting the manpower needs of the country, both for the short and long terms
to ensure the education system meets the country’s goals of producing a united disciplined and skilled society
Also known as Mahathir Report
chaired by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamed also the Deputy Prime Minister
Suggestions
i)focus on three basic skills i.e. reading, writing and arithmetic
ii) teaching of English as second language
iii) emphasis on sound spiritual education and other disciplines appropriate
iv) secondary education divided into two streams i.e. academic and vocational
v) extension of educational opportunities from 9 to 11 years
vi) emphasis on curriculum ala Malaysia
vii) review of Bahasa Malaysia in-service courses
Education Act 1996
Aim:
further consolidate the national education system for the generation in accordance with the country’s aspiration of making Malaysia the center of excellence for education
to outline the legislation related to education
3 legislatives provisions
a) the National Philosophy of Education 1988
b) consolidation of the national education system to include;
all levels of schooling from pre-school to tertiary education
all categories of school example government, government-aided and private schools
c) the National Language as main medium of instruction and as compulsory subject in all schools and institutions
Legislative Provisions according to Level of Schooling
Preschool
Minister of education given the power to establish and maintain pre-schools
Children from poor families in urban area given opportunity to received pre-schooling
Compulsory use of Pre-school curriculum, guidelines produced by MOE for all types and categories of pre-schools
Primary and Secondary
compulsory for pupils from all types and categories of schools to sit for public examinations
Islamic Education made a core subject and taught to all Muslim pupils in all primary schools
Allocation to special education
Continuation of status quo of national type primary schools and 60 private Chinese schools
Continuation of the Unified Examination for national-type primary school pupils
Continuation of the School Board of Governors and mission schools
Teaching of indigenous languages (if appropriate and practical)
No necessity to register religious classes e.g. Bible classes
Technical and Vocational
improvement of technical education in technical schools and polytechnics in line with the country efforts to enculturate science and technology education
change of status of vocational schools to technical schools
collaboration of polytechnics with industrial institution or organizing to conduct technical or vocational course or training programs, or exchange programs
twinning program in polytechnic with local or foreign institutions of higher learning at diploma or degree level
Teacher Training
teacher education programs at certificate, diploma and degree
level through twinning proggrame
Tertiary Education
establishment of universities and private colleges
corporatisation of existing public universities
development of private institutions of higher learning
teaching of subjects like National Language, Malaysian Studies and Islamic or Moral Education in private institutions