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Constructivist theory, Note: This conceptual map provides an overview of…
Constructivist theory
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Individual learning
Learning involves 1 of 2 responses to new info: assimilation (adding to existing schemas) or accommodation (changing schemas to fit new knowledge)
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Knowledge is organized based on schemas, mental systems for meaning-making
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Group learning
An individual's learning process is influenced by learning in a group setting. Learners are often capable of more complex tasks with aid from peers/an instructor than they are independently.
The zone of proximal development describes activities that a learner can do aided/in a group setting but cannot yet perform unaided
Students figure out new concepts by observing, learning from peers, and teaching peers
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Note: This conceptual map provides an overview of the main people and ideas involved in constructivist theory. The map is organized based on the focus on individual learning, group learning, or societal/technological factors influencing learning.
Since constructivist learning involves integrating new knowledge into existing schemas, this map integrates the instructor's reading outside psychology. When designing your own map, you are encouraged to connect concepts you've encountered in other disciplines.
Terms & definitions taken from:
Harasim, L. (2017). Learning theory and online technologies, 2nd ed. Routledge.
Links represent opportunities for additional reading.
Multiple intelligences
Gardner (2008) critiqued Piaget's concept of uniform progression through learning stages. People have different aptitudes and move through different materials at different paces.
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