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Five Education Report in Post Independence - Coggle Diagram
Five Education Report in Post Independence
Rahman Talib Report 1960
The Rahman Talib Report was introduced and incorporated in the Education Act 1961
The Minister of Education, Federation of Malaya tasks assigned to the Committee:
Review the implementation of the National Education Policy contained in Razak Report.
Improve the education system in the federation of Malaya.
In order to speed up
the process of national integration and unity
, Rahman Talib Report was made to
review the policy education 1960
which later became the basis for the establishment of
Education Act 1961.
4 Important Aspect of This Report
The Malay language become the main medium of instruction.
Same school examination system with different languages at the primary, secondary, and upper secondary levels.
Emphasize technical and vocational education for skilled manpower needs.
Emphasizes moral and religious education for spiritual needs as a core.
The changes and amendments made from the Razak Report known as the Rahman Talib Report:
Free primary schools education
Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years
Stress on 3M basic education - Membaca, Menulis, dan Mengira (reading, writing, and arithmetic)
Stress on a Malayan curriculum
Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education
Replace with national and national-type schools
Education Act 1961
Contents of Education Act 1961
No fees lesson for primary school
The development of
Sekolah Kebangsaan
dan
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan
.
Schooling until age 15 years old for continuation school.
15 or more Muslim pupils for religious classes to be provided.
Emphasis on moral values
Provide teacher trained and education aids
Empowering national language.
The establishment of common curriculum.
Challenges of Education Act 1961
The purpose of Education Act 1961 is to integrate all races in Malaysia but there is different polar of lives.
Malay lives in villages, Chinese lives in mine area while Indian lives in the rubber estate.
Aminuddin Baki Report 1964
This report was created by Aminuddin Baki himself.
He doesn't agree with
vernacular schools
that have existed since British colonial policy or the subdivision concept.
Recommend to create a national school which attend by every races of students.
After a year being a Chief Education Advisor of Malaya, he introduced the
"Penyata Aminuddin Baki"
$roposed the government to issue that students can only quit school at the age of fifteen.
Provide the student with suitable occupation as soon as they leave school
Provide various occupation opportunity
Introduce various courses in education to cater and produce various technical skills of manpower.
He also proposed
twelve recommendations
to the government about Malaya education.
Quality of examination questions
Attitudes of teachers
Inadequacy of teacher trainers
The implementation of teaching methods
Physical facilities in schools
Relationships with teachers and parents
Cabinet Committee Report
In September 1974
, the committee was chaired by Dr Mahathir Mohamed also the Deputy Prime Minister
To review the goals and effectiveness of the present education system for the purpose of meeting the
manpower needs of the country, both for the short and long terms.
To ensure the education system meets the country’s goals of producing a united disciplined and skilled society.
Other recommendations:
i)
Focus on three basic skills i.e. reading, writing, and arithmetic.
ii)
Teaching of English as second language.
iii)
emphasis on sound spiritual education and other disciplines appropriate.
iv)
secondary education divided into two streams i.e. academic and vocational.
v)
Extension of educational opportunities from 9 to 11 years.
vi)
emphasis on curriculum ala Malaysia
vii)
review of Bahasa Malaysia in-service courses
Those aims are similar to that of Education Act 1961 and the Hussein Report 1971, which was to promote
national unity
Emphasis on national unity.
Focus on skilled human resources for the country progress and development.
Democratization of education.
Establishment of a moral and disciplined Malaysia society.
Education Act 1996
There shall be three categories of educational institutions in the National Education System, namely—
(a) government educational institutions
(b) government-aided educational institutions
(c) private educational institutions
National language as the main medium of instruction.
(1) The national language shall be the main medium of instruction in all educational institutions in the National Education 28 System except a national-type school.
(2) Where the main medium of instruction in an educational institution is other than the national language, the national language shall be taught as a compulsory subject in the educational institution.
National Curriculum to be used by all schools
Schools to prepare pupils for prescribed examination
National Pre-school Curriculum to be used by all kindergartens
Establishment and maintenance of national and national-type schools
Compulsory primary education
Minister to provide secondary education
(1) It shall be the duty of the Minister to provide secondary education in the following national secondary schools:
(a) academic secondary schools
(b) technical secondary schools
(c) secondary schools of such other descriptions as the Minister may from time to time determine.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Minister may provide upper secondary education in any national secondary school.