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Five Education Report in Post Independence - Coggle Diagram
Five Education Report in Post Independence
Rahman Talib Report (1960)
To speed up the process of national integration and unity, the Rahman Talib’s Report was made to review the education policy in 1960 and became a basis to establish the Education Act 1961.
Rahman Talib’s report supports the Razak Report and became the basic to the formation of the National Educational foundation like stated in the Educational Act
The report proposed
Malay language as main language in schools
Free secondary school education
Automatic promotion until form 3
Emphasis on religious and moral education
Stress on 3M basic education - Membaca, Menulis, dan Mengira (reading, writing and arithmetic)
Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline
Stress on a Malayan curriculum
Upper secondary education of two streams
Academic
Vocational
Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years
Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education
Education Act (1961)
Contents
No fees for lesson in primary school
Primary school become Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK) and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK)
Schooling until age 15 years old for continuation school
Where there are 15 or more Muslim pupils, religious class will be provided. Similarly, the Education Act provides that at the request of at least 15 pupils, a Tamil or Mandarin teacher would be provided from Standard III upwards to secondary schools (Clause 36)
Emphasis on moral values
Provided trained teachers and education aids
Empowering the national language
The establishment of common curriculum
Challenges
Although the purpose and wish of the Education Act is to integrate all races in Malaysia because of different polar home places, it was difficult to achieve
Malay lives in the villages, Chinese living in the mine area, and Indians living in the rubber estate and plantations
Aminuddin Baki Report (1964)
Contents
All races are located in the same school
Aminuddin did not agree with the vernacular school that has been introduced by British based on subdivision policy and British colonial order (dasar pecah dan perintah)
Uniting the students to become citizens of Malaya, which can live in harmony in a country which has different races and beliefs
Cabinet Committee Report
also known as Mahathir Report
Purpose
to review the goals and effectiveness of the present education system for the purpose of meeting the manpower needs of the country, both for the short and long terms.
to ensure the education system meets the country’s goals of producing a united disciplined and skilled society
Recommendations
Focus on three basic skills i.e. reading, writing, and arithmetic
Teaching English as a second language
Emphasis on sound spiritual education and other disciplines appropriate
Secondary education divided into two streams i.e. academic and vocational
Extension of educational opportunities from 9 to 11 years
Emphasis on curriculum ala Malaysia
Review of Bahasa Malaysia in-service courses
Education Act (1996)
Aim
to further consolidate the national education system for the generation in accordance with the country’s aspiration of making Malaysia the center of excellence for education and to outline the legislation related to education.