Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Thermodynamics - Coggle Diagram
Thermodynamics
Laws
0th Law
A=B+B=C}A=B
Conversion factor
T [K] = T [° C] + 273
1st law
In a closed system
energy is constant
2nd law
In a isolated system
(not influenced)
entropy only increased
3rd law
absolute zero point
(T = 0 K)
is unreachable
always particle movement
(in nature)
Internal energy
(U)
ΔU = Q + W
:check:
Q = heat
W = work
total energy
specific heat capacity(
c
)
amount of heat needed
to raise 1°C for 1gr substance
c = ΔQ / (m × ΔT)
:check:
ΔQ = change of heat
Thermal energy (
W
)
W = P × t
:check:
J (Joule)
P = power
Ideal gas
Avogadro's theorem
T=T+P=P}
->same V
Gay law
at constant pressure
↑V-↑T
Gay no Pee
Mariotte law
constant tempt
↓V-↑P
Mari girl angry
p × V = n × R × T
:check:
R = 8.314 J / (mol × K)
1 Torr = 133 Pa
1 bar≈ 760 mmHg
Particle velocity
≈ speed
depends
Mass
Tempt
Partial pressure
Air pressure(1bar)
Atmospheric O 2
21%*1=0.21
In chemical reactions
Binding energy
Hydrogen bond
50
Hydrophobic interactions
Ionic bond+ Covalent bond
50-1000 kJ / mol
greater->stronger bond
Enthalpy
heat content
reaction
fusion
boiling
~~change in energy
H = U + p × V
:check:
kJ / mol
U = internal energy
p = pressure
ΔH reaction = H products - H starting materials
ΔH <0
exothermic
heat is released
ΔH> 0
endothermic
heat is absorbed
Gibbs energy
~~enthalpy
ΔG = ΔH - T × ΔS
:check:
kJ / mol
H = enthalpy
T = temperature
S = entropy
ΔG <0
exergon
runs “voluntarily”
releases energy
ΔG> 0
Endergon
not “voluntary"
absorbs energy
need energy to react
ΔG = 0
equilibrium state
alternative reaction pathway
with a lower activation energy
catalysis made this
(not a reactant)
Heterogeneous catalyst
different phase
from the reactants
usually a solid
Homogeneous
catalyst
same phase
usully liquid
Catalysts interact with
starting material
Physical states
aggregate states
solid(1)
liquid(2)
gaseous(3)
Phase transitions
(1-2)Melting
(2-3)Evaporation
(1-3)Sublimation
(3-1)Resublimation
(3-2)Condensation
(2-1)Solidification
Phase diagrams
(-to messages)
humidity
(%)f rel = p water vapor / p saturation
:check:
BTPS
body temperature
: p H2O = 6.25 kPa
STPD
standard temperature
p H2O = 0 kPa
Energy
W = F * d
J (Joule = N × m)
types
Thermal
(gas particles)
Kinetic
(Mechanics)
energy for motion
Chemical
(sugar in muscles )
entropy
disorder of a system
In a closed system
only increase
