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Exam 2# Review, Starting Mind-Body, Appearance & Reality, Probable…
Exam 2# Review
Starting Mind-Body
Connections to freedom, morality
Idea: Relationship between us as consciousness and biology
3 Q's; ontological, metaphysical, causul
Mentalism and Dualism
Appearance & Reality
Traditional views of self-knowledge
Possible failures -- expectation effects, etc.
Descartes said perceived experiences are immediate and infallible
Failures, orange sherbet, pain with ice cube, confused emotions, and split brains brain trauma all proving it wrong
Alternative: Introspection like external perception -- fallible & malleable
Churchland - (external perception) fallible, (vision and sound) malleable
Plato's Allegory of the Cave
Theme 1: Experience not of reality -- conflicts w/ aboutness point?
According to Plato perceptions are illusory; however, Putnam argued that what they were claiming as "animals" were their versions of animals which is true
Theme 2: "Getting out" as worthwhile goal -- but everything wrong as problematic
Plato claimed that seeing beyond these illusions would bring great englightenment
Skeptical & realist sides of appearance/reality split
How they're different and what they share
A Skeptic believe that Appearance is all we know and that reality is unknown
A Realist believes that our appearance may be deceiving while our reality(such a physics) is all that is true
Undermining the fundamental cleavage
Both Skeptics and Realists believe that appearance and reality are fundamentally different
Probable Knowledge
Evidence & hypotheses
Classification of evidence
Base rate (e.g. disease test) & conjunction effect errors
Representativeness heuristic
Role in real inferences
Mis-projection sampling
New riddle of induction
Curve fitting & other ways to describe
Projection depending on mechanism underlying correlation
Hidden Variable cases
Old riddle of induction
How to justify induction?
Problem with circular inductive justification
Asking the wrong question