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WATER SECURITY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - desalination
      - NEWater
      - Imported water
      - Local catchment
    - - Pricing (water conservation tax)
      - Public education
  - - - PUB conducts community outreach efforts to raise awareness. the annual Water Conservation Awareness Programme sends volunteers to households withe high water consumption to install water saving devices and share water saving tips. Participating households save up to 5% of their monthly water consumption
      - PUB 10% challenge benefits the non-domestic sector by encouraging businesses to cut down 10% of their monthly water consumption, which also lowers their operational costs.
    - - PUB replaces ageing water mains and pipes over the years to minimise leaks. Regular checks are also conducted on water meter readings to spot leaks.
    - - The use of sound economic principles in pricing water is important to keep demand and supply in balance. Under-pricing water leads to over-consumption. As such, the price of water in Singapore comprises what is needed to recover the cost of production and supply, and a Water Conservation Tax to reflect the scarcity of water and the importance of conserving it.
    - - PUB's Water Efficiency Fund (WEF) co-funds organisations, companies and community groups to implement water saving initiatives
- - - - Adequacy
      - Reliability
      - Resilience
  - - - Increased conflict - over-usage can threaten national security, especially along transboundary basin and aquifers
    - - Inadequate water accessibility - exposure to water-borne diseases (e.g. malaria, cholera), limit educational and economic opportunities --> poverty
    - - food shortages (realate to food security)
    - - economic slowdown - lowers economic productivity and growth
    - - disappearing wetlands and its ecological services, damages ecosystems