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Reasons for Mass Migration in 19th century - Coggle Diagram
Reasons for Mass Migration in 19th century
[In 1800s]
The End of Slave Trade
Slave trade began in 16th century with war captives from Africa being sold to the Europeans to work on plantations and settlements in South America
Demand for slaves increased
So slave traders resorted to kidnapping people from remote villages in Africa to sell as slaves
[In 1760s]
Abolition of slavery
[1775-1783]
British promised to free slaves if they fought for the British against the American colonists during the American War of Independence
Many of the former slaves who fought for the British made their way to England and resettled there after British were defeated
British learned about the horrors of slavery and the abuse suffered by the slaves
Many ppl supported the movement to abolish slavery
[In 1807]
The Slave Trade Act was passed in the British Parliament
Illegal for British ships to transport slaves
But slavery in British colonies continued to exist
[In 1833]
Parliament passed the Slave Abolition Act
Illegal to purchase, sell or own slaves throughout the British territories
Resulted in shortage of cheap labour
So European countries had to look for other sources of cheap labour to ensure their economic activities could continue
They allowed and encouraged the unrestricted immigration of people from other countries to live and work in their colonies
[In 1869]
The Opening of Suez Canal
[In 1859]
A French engineer drew up plans to shorten the route to travel between Europe and Asia
Constructed the Suez Canal to link the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
[Old Cape of Good Hope route]
Took 120 days to travel from London to SG
[Suez canal route]
Took only 50 days
Shorter distance & duration of travel made it easier and cheaper for ppl from EU to go to and return from SG and other parts of Asia
[18th &19th centuries]
The Industrial Revolution
Led to creation of new industries and the production of more goods
Increased production led to a demand for more raw materials
Mainly found outside Europe
Resulted in a wave of migration from Europe to other parts of the world in search of these raw materials
e.g.
Rubber
Tin
Coal
Time of major improvements in technology and mass production
Invention of steam technology led to vast improvement of seafaring technology
[Past]
Depend on wind and sails to travel across the seas
[Now]
The development of steam engine allowed Europeans to travel further and faster than before
More ppl from all over the world opted to travel by steamships as it was cheaper