Side effects: Patients can experience affects relating to the blocking of the beta1-receptors in the SNS. CNS side effects include headache, dizziness, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory loss and disorientation (McKenna & Lim, 2014). CV effects can include bradycardia, HF, hypotension, and heart block (McKenna & Lim, 2014). Other side effects include GI upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia and liver changes (McKenna & Lim, 2014). If this medication is not taken for a long period of time after long term use there is a risk of severe hypertension, MI, stroke and angina due to the receptor sites becoming hypersensitive to catecholamines after being blocked by the beta1-receptors (McKenna & Lim, 2014).