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Early Modern Cultures - Coggle Diagram
Early Modern Cultures
Europe
The Catholic Church
While the Black Plague took its course in Europe, support for the church declined because they were helpless during the epidemic.
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They had meet with the invading tribes and survived the Fall of Rome. They sent missionaries and the Pope became a symbol of unity.
Germanic Tribes
The Vikings were a North Germanic tribe from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.
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They wanted treasure, women, food, slaves, and other things in their invasions. Other times they wanted to settle in better areas like Normandy.
While not technically a Germanic tribe, the Magyars were invaders that came from Western Russia.
They raided many places and were trained on horse-back and archery. This was very similar to the Huns from Asia, this is why they were called the "New Huns".
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As a result of invasions, a system called feudalism came into popularity.
Essentially, it is a system based on local power and loyalty to people above and below them on their social hierarchy.
Knights emerged to protects people under the guide of chivalry. They soon grew restless with tournaments and wanted to fight and protect. The Church allowed them to do so in Crusades to try to win religious grounds in Jerusalem.
The Crusades resulted in the Europeans being introduced to Arab and Asian inventions and ideas. It became the foundation for the Renaissance.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was so large that it became hard to control and defend that it split into the Western Empire(which fell in 476) and the Eastern Empire (Byzantine Empire)
This led to German tribes to take over and invade the land A Visigoth king overthrew the last Western Roman Ruler.
Kingdoms
Strong monarchs arose and formed kingdoms with a strong sense of nationalism in areas like England, Spain, and France.
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Africa
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Zimbabwe
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Artifacts of all sorts were found in ruins, including Chinese porcelain.
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Ghana
Under the guidance of a local leader, there were a lot of farmers living in villages.
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They had surpluses of gold which allowed them to trade with neighboring civilizations for products such as salt, textiles, and horses.
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Bantu
On the East coast, these people started to trade in the Indian ocean forming prosperous port cities.
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Bonded together by their similar language, these people left West Africa and settled in South and West Africa.
India ( South Asia )
Muhmud of Ghazni
This man took over the region where Arabs had first settled in India and started to attack the neighboring Hindu regions.
The Hindu Rajputs tried fighting off Muhmud of Ghazi but their elephants were no match fro their horses and they lost.
Delhi Sultanate
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These invaders did not see themselves to be the same of the Hindu population and tried their best to make a distinction between them.
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Vijayanagara Empire
In the south, trade was booming. Rich merchant from all around the world came here and the port cities 's economies grew.
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Islam ( Middle East )
4 Rightly Guided Caliphs
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Abu Bakr was the 1st.
He was a great leaser of religion, the empire, and the military. The Bedouins created a very strong Islamic army.
He was Muhammad's father-in-law. The Muslims who supported him as the first Caliph are called Sunni Muslims.
He guided and grew the Islamic Empire. This expansion bonded the community which at this point was falling apart.
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Umayyad Dynasty
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The Arab Muslims were the ruling class. The growing conflict turned to the end of the empire. Eventually Abu al-Abass overthrew it.
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Abbasid Dynasty
Merchants, scholars, and dynasties were the most respected.
The House of Wisdom was a place where scholars translated and studied located in Baghdad which taught words, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and more.
The empire was separated into dynasties but the dynasties ultimately broke apart into separate empires with their own caliphs.
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The Americas
The Incan Empire
Their government was structured as a hierarchy. The emperor, believed to be descended by the sun god Inti was at the top. He controlled everything in the empire. Then each province had governors, there were 4 central provinces. Then the provinces were divided yet again so there were governors within each province.
The society was very socialist. Everyone had to their own work and give it to the emperor to disperse among the people. The men even had required labor hours to the government every year. This system ended hunger in their civilization.
They are great engineers. They built roads, bridges, and terraced their hills for optimum agriculture. All without the help of metal tools or wheels.
They also did not have a writing system, they kep track of everything in quipus, which are ropes that record information by tying knots of different lengths.
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The Aztec Empire
The Aztec ruler who was believed to have been descended from the gods would look over the empire and demand tributes from the lords.
These tributes included food, jewelry, clothing, other supplies, and human sacrifices.
They gave human sacrifices to please the gods especially Huitzilopotchli(god of sun and war). They believed that by doing so they can delay the end of their world, the fifth sun.
Their governing system was like feudalism in a way were there were local rulers/lords are were in charge of their own territories.
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Eventually, their empire was destroyed by diseases brought by Hernan Cortez and his crew. Cortez's men soon took over.
Native Americans
There were many indigenous groups in North America who formed very civilized societies before Europeans colonized the Americas.
China
Sui Dynasty
This dynasty completed the one of the world's largest waterworks project. It spiked trade from the northern and southern regions of China by connecting Beijing and Hangzhou
Since this project linked China's economy, it promoted cultural and political unity in the country.
The dynasty was brought forth by Wendi, but he forced people to work and pay high taxes so the citizens revolted and assassinated him.
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Tang Dynasty
In other agriculture news, in Vietnam they found a type of rice in the Champa region that could grow twice as fast as any rice they have seen before.
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Through the silk road (especially the maritime routes) and the Indian ocean trade network, trade boomed.
This allowed ideas, religions (Buddhism), people, agriculture (rice), and products (porcelain/silk) to spread.
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These leaders also brought back the civil service exam where they were recruited and needed to be tested on Confucius ideals to get their positions.
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