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Chapter 8 - How far were people's lives transformed after…
Chapter 8 - How far were people's lives transformed after Independence?
Challenge 1: People in Singapore had no common identity and no sense of belonging in Singapore
Methods the government used to solve this
NS was another way to foster a national identity among the people in Singapore
National Symbols were created to promote a common sense of identity and a sense of belonging among Singaporeans
There are 4 national symbols
i. National Flag
ii. State Crest
iii. National Anthem
iv. National Pledge
Challenge 2: Security challenges
Events outside of Singapore, like Vietnam war and Konfrontasi threatened security in Singapore
The British military, which had defended Singapore in the past, announced its withdrawal from Singapore by 1971
Methods the government used to solve this
Introduction of National Service in 1967, which is the conscription of male citizens into military service
To reassure people of the well being of their children in NS, the government organised get together sessions in community centres
It also broadcasted messages on television to explain how NS would build a strong defence force even though Singapore had limited manpower
Cooperation with other countries
Singapore built strong friendships with other countries and joined regional / international organisations such as ASEAN and United Nations (UN)
Singapore signed the Five Power Defence Arrangements with Australia, New Zealand, Britain and Malaysia in 1971
They will work together if Singapore faced any external threat
Building Singapore's defence industry
The government set up the Chartered Industries of Singapore in 1967 to reduce reliance on foreign countries for military equipment
Challenge 3: Economic challenges
Tense relations with Malaysia after independence affected trade with Malaysia
Singapore could not only rely on entrepot trade to develop its economy
The withdrawal of British military meant that more Singaporeans working in army camps would lose their jobs
Methods the government used to solve this
Developing manufacturing industries
The government attracted multi-national corporations (MNCs) to set up factories to manufacture goods
By 1966, there were 25 MNCs and local enterprises employing more than 19 000 workers
Industrial estates were set up to provide facilities for factories, such as Jurong from 1960 onwards
Developing tourism and finance industries
Examples
Jurong Bird Park, Sentosa and Singapore Zoo were built to attract tourists
Conservation projects in historical areas like Chinatown, Kampong Glam, Little India and Singapore River
(an increase in tourist spending would lead to more jobs and economic growth)
The Monetary Authority of Singapore developed policies to help the financial sector to grow
Developing Singapore's infrastructure
5 areas of infrastructure development from 1960s to 1975:
i. Banking and Finance telecommunications
ii. Public Utilities
iii. Air
iv. Sea
v. Land facilities and Education
Examples
In 1960s, the Singapore Telephone Board installed an average of 1 000 phones per year to improve communication within Singapore
A larger airport was built in Changi in 1981 to handle more cargo
Roads and expressway systems were created
Public Utilities Board set up to coordinate the supply of water, electricity and gas to industries and households
By 1973, 25 international banks and 11. local banks set up
Technical Education introduced in 1969 to meet demands of Singapore