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biology chapter 1- classification - Coggle Diagram
biology chapter 1- classification
all living things have 7 characteristics that make them diiferent from non living things
Growth
The growth of adding new cells to their body
Movement
Most animals can move their body from one place to another, while plants can slowly move parts of themselves
Sensitivity
Living things pick up information about the changes in the enviroment and react to the changes
Excretion
The removal of toxic waste product from the results of the metabolic reactions and these must be removed from the body
Defecation is not excretion as excretion is defined as removal of newly created chemicals, not ingested, by the various reactions in cells called metabolism. While faeces are basically the remnants, remains, leftovers of food ingested but not digested (hence the remains,) its removal is named egestion.
Excretion includes sweating or urination
Reproduction
Organisims are able to create newe organisms of the same species as themselves
Nutrition
Organisms take substances from their enviroment and use them to provide energy or materials to make new cells
Respiration
All organisms break down glucose and other substances inside the cells to release energy that they can use
Respiration IS NOT breathing
Classification
Classification means putting things into groups
Classification system
Species are gouped into larger groups called genera (genus in plural form)
genera is grouped to family
to orders
to classes
to phyla
lastly into kingdoms
binomial naming system
Each living organim has two names written in Latin
first name is the name of the genus the organisms belongs to
always starts with a capital letter
the second name is the name of the speicies and always has a small letter
example: Canis lupus
the 2 word name is called a binomial
the genus name can be abbreviated like this: C. lupus
The main reason why living things are classitified to their own groups is to make it easier to study them
Ways of classification
Morphology
the overall form of the shape of the bodies
such as whether they have wings
anatomy
detailed body stucture, could be determined by dissection
DNA (the chemical from which our chromosomes are made)
is a genetic material that is passed down from one generation to the other
each DNA molecule is made up of strings of smaller molecules
A, C, G, T ( can be arranged in any order) A is paired with T while C is paired with G
The more similar the base sequences are, the more related the species are from one another
Similarities in sequences of amino acids in proteins can be used in the same way
animals that come from the same group share features because they all descended from the same ancestor - called a common ancestor
Kingdoms of living organisms
Animals
multicelluar
nucleus
no cell wall or chloroplasts
feed on organic substances made by other living things
Classifying animals
Phylum Vertebrates
animals with a supporting rod running along the length of the body
Class Fish
vertebrates with scaly skin
have gills
have fins
Class Birds
vertebrates with feathers
forelimbs become wings
lay eggs with hardshells
endothermic
have a beak
heart with 4 chamers
Class Mammals
vertebrates with hair
have a placenta
young feed on milk from mammary glands
endothermi
heart has 4 chambers
have 4 different type of teeth
Class Amphibians
vertebrates with moist, not so scaly skin
eggs laid in water, larva lives in water
larva has gills
adults often lives on land
adult has lungs
Class Reptiles
vertebrates with scaly skin
lay eggs with rubbery shells
Phylum Arthropds
Insects
arachnids
crustaceans
myriapods
Plants
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotes