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Five Education Report - Coggle Diagram
Five Education Report
Razak Report 1956
Named after the then Education Minister, Tun Abdul Razak, its goal was to reform the education system in Malaya.
Private schools were nationalized, education was expanded at all levels and was heavily subsidized, and indeed the growth in enrollment rate again accelerated.
Razak Report forwards the Malay language as the main medium of instruction, it allows the retention of other language medium schools.
The Report provides for Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil schools at the primary school level, and Malay and English schools at the secondary school level.
Barnes Report
The Barnes Report was a British proposal put forward in 1951 to develop a national education system in British Malaya.
It was criticized by non-Malay communities as "saturated with Malay nationalism" and bolstering the ideology of Malay supremacy.
The Barnes Report's recommendations for English-medium "national schools" were implemented by the 1952 Education Ordinance, over vocal Chinese protests, who were upset by the lack of provision for non-Malay vernacular schools.
Fenn-Wu Report
Fenn-wu Report is a report on Chinese schools and the education of Chinese Malayans and was presented to the Federal Legislative Council on 11 July 1951.
The Fenn-Wu report recommended the promotion of trilingualism in Chinese Malayans, with Malay as the official language, English as the business language, and Chinese as the cultural language.
Overall, the report supported the idea of constructing a national community that would preserve existing multiculturalism.
Education Ordinance 1952
The Education Ordinance of 1952 was the first attempt by the British colonial government to legislate
for a national educational policy.
Some of the recommendations: the establishment of national schools and the provision to teach Chinese and Tamil as a subject in
the national school curriculum
It was strongly opposed by the non-Malays who were only prepared to accept English
and Malay as a subject, but not their introduction as media of instruction.
Cheeseman Report
This report prepared by Mr. Harold Ambrose Robinson Cheeseman (HR Cheeseman), the deputy director of Education in 1938.
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