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The Nature of Second Language Knowledge - Coggle Diagram
The Nature of Second Language Knowledge
Explicit
consciously aware of
'knowledge about' language
metalinguistic knowledge
Not intermingle
bad
for spontaneous L2 production
good
play a considerable role in writing or careful speech
effiicient
adults
Implicit
unconscious
'knowledge of'
intuition/feeling
spontaneous communication
Problems
hard to teach/ considerable time taken
not feel as if they're learning
assessment is challenging and time-consuming
Declarative
aware of / verbalize
Procedural
automatized/ without awareness
continuum
declarative knowledge can be proceduralized through practice
Grammar
rule-learning (-ed)
implicit process
the patterns are acquired by the cognitive system
explicit
item-learning(irregular verb from)
memorization
Intentional/ explicit
Vocabulary
Implicit
knowledge of the contexts
freknowledge of how frequently words occur
pronunciation knowledge
segemental sounds
intonation
Explicit
the English academic word list
phonology
what linguistic forms to use
Interface hypothesis
strong interface
explicit -> implicit
Skill Acquisition Theory
the process of declarative knowledge -> proceduralized
much time+practice
3 steps
acquisition of declarative knowledge 'knowledge that'
English regular form '-ed'
procedural knowledge ;knowledge how'
how to form English regular past tense
automatization
to use procedural knowledge in a fluent and spontaneous way
noninterface
explicit knowledge ≠ > implicit
rich and plentiful input is the optimal padogogical choice
The two knowledge are distinct and separate