Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Individual Learner Differences - Coggle Diagram
Individual Learner Differences
Age
Sensitive Period
A period in one‟s life (during childhood) when
second language acquisition is optimized
In this period, rate of acquisition and age of completion of language
learning is the same
Aptitude
Phonemic coding ability
Discriminating and encoding foreign sounds
Grammatical sensitivity
Recognizing functions of words in sentences
Inductive language learning ability
Inferring or inducing rules from samples
Memory and learning
Making and recalling associations between words and phrases in L1 and L2
Motivation
Integrative Motivation
Learners want to
become a part of a target community
Instrumental Motivation
These types of Objectives are included: such as business advancement, increase in professional
status, educational goals etc.
Learning Styles
Concrete learning style
They are required to be curious, spontaneous, and willing to take risks
Analytical learning style
They tend to be independent, like to solve problems, and enjoy collecting ideas
Communicative learning style
They prefer personal feedback and
interaction, and learn by discussion and group activities
Authority-oriented learning style
They need structure,
sequential progression and also
prefer the teacher as an authority figure
Cognitive learning styles
Field Independent
Left brain dominance
Field Dependent style
Right brain dominance
Learning Strategies
Cognitive strategies
Tend to be operate directly on incoming information, manipulating through enhance learning
Repetition,resourcing, Directed Physical Response, Note-taking and others are included
Metacognitive strategies
Planning, monitoring, and evaluating the learning activity are used
Advance Organizers
Directed Attention
Selective Attention
Advance Preparation
Social and affective strategies
Involved interacting with another person to assist learning
Questioning for Clarification
Cooperation
Self-talk
Personality
Introversion
Tend to be introspective, quiet, retiring and reserved
Inhibition
The process of making mistakes and a consequent improvement in the language skills
Risk-taking
In the classroom
It includes a bad grade in the course, a fail on the exam, punishment or embarrassment.
Outside the classroom
It involves fear of looking ridiculous, fear of
losing their identity.
Anxiety
Trait anxiety
Tend to be anxious permanently
State anxiety
Experiences from some particular event or act which can be
temporary and context-specific
Extroversion
Extroverts tend to be sociable and Impulsive
Tended to be received energy from outside sources
Self esteem
State communicative self confidence
L2 Self confidence