Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

EPQ Research - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Farming
        
        Tools
        
        Sickle - made of wood with flint teeth, used to cut the crops - eae p.9
        
        Winnowing fan - made of wood, used to separate the grain from the chaff - p.9
        
        Shaduf - when the Nile went down water was still needed so canals were cut, this tool was used to fill the canals - eae p.9
        
        When the Nile flooded it would bring silt deposits on which the farmers would sow barely and emmer wheat which usually resulted in a good summer harvest - eyewitness ancient egypt p.8
        
        The farmers year was based on this flood in the autumn farmers ploughed the ground and sowed their crops between March and May the crops were harvested during the flood they couldn’t work the land so they might have sought other jobs elsewhere - THDIAE P.7
      - The pharoh was at the top, then a small group of wealthy noblemen and women and the pharohs vizier (Chief advisor). Government officials, priests and scribes were also immportant people. Then there were traders and skilled craftspeople. The vast majority of people were farmers
      - well educated people might be priests, doctors, architechts or government officials. Some had all of these jobs at once. Priests were often astronemers too. doctors practiced a mixture of magic and medicine. they could mend broken bones. no money in ancinet egypt. people paid for things by exchanging gooods. this is called barteringImhotep was an architect and doctor, many statues were made of him because he was deified as a god of healing. most women worked in the home but some were priestesses or musicians poor women might work as servents or weavers.
      - Weaving - Ancient Egypt 6-7
        
        From the earliest times, the ancient Egyptians made their clothes from linen, woven on wooded looms. Weaving was a highly valued skill, and the best weavers were well paid.
        
        Linen was made from the stems of the flax plant which grew along the river nile. Turning it into cloth was a long and complicated process. After harvesting the flax, the stems were soaked and beaten to seperate the fibres. The fibres were spun into yarn, then woven into cloth on a loom.
        
        We know what the ancient Egyptians wore from tomb paintings. Men wore short linen loincloths or kilts, tied at the waist. Women wore simple long dresses. Clothes were ussually white. The quality of linen depended on how rich or important the wearer was. A pharoah wore extremely soft linen, but most people had much rougher cloth.
    - - Egyptian families were often very large with many children and several generations living in the same house. Children were considered to be adults from the age of twelve and girls often married in their early teens. The Egyptians liked playing board games as well as games such as tug of war and leap frog.
    - - The very poor
        lived in huts made from reeds
    - - some hieroglyphs stood for letters or sounds others stood for whole words or ideas. for example the ANKH was an important symbol that meant 'life'. the direction the animals or people faced told the reader which way to read the writing. if they faced from left to right then you read left to right or vice versa. most people could not read or write. children did not usually go to school because they were helping their families instead and because it was not free to go to school. Boys from noble families might go to temple school from age 5. They would learn to read and write hieroglyphs and often grew up to work as scribes
        
        Rosetta stone
        
        for hundreds of years historians were unable to decipher them. Then in 1799, a stone slab was found near Rosetta, a city near to the mediterranean coast. it showed an official order from the king written in three different ways, including ancient greek and hieroglyphs. people already understood the greek so now they could translate the hieroglyphs.
    - - The Ancient Egyptians believed that a person needed their body after death. Therefore they thought it was important to preserve the body through Mummification.
      - Making a mummy was the job of an embalmer and it was a complicated process that took about seventy day. first the body was washed. Then the lungs, stomach, intestines and liver were removed, dried and placed into one of four sspecial containers called Canopic jars. The heart was left in the body because the egyptians believed it would be weighed in the afterlife. The brain was pulled out by putting a hook up the person's nose. A salt-like substance called natron was used to dry out the body, which was then left for about forty days. It was then washed, oiled and stuffed with linen and sawdust. Finally, the mummy was wrapped in up to twenty layers of linen and put in a coffin. Small pieces of jewellery called amulets were often slipped into the layers in the hope of keeping evil away.
      - Mummification was important because the Egyptians believed that the dead person's spirit would return to its body after travelling to the underworld . The person's heart would be 'weighed' by Anubis against the feather of Maat, the goddess of truth and justice. If their heart was too heavy, it would be eaten by Ammut, a creature that was part lion, part crocodile and part hippopotamus. The person would not go on to live in the afterlife. To begin with, only pharoas were mummified, but over time it became usual for any Egyptian who could afford it. But it wasn't only people who were preserved this way. The Egyptians loved their pets so much that they were often prepared for the afterlife too, and wild animals were mummified as gifts for the gods. By the end of the Egyptian period, making all kinds of animal mummies - from tiny beetles to giant crocodiles - was big bussiness.
    - - Almost everyone in ancient Egypt wore jewellery. Poor people had simple pieces made from copper or faience. For the rich there were elabourate pieces made from gold, inlaid with semi-precious stones. Amulets were a form of jewellery worn to prtect people from harm. Egyptian jewelers had fabulous materials to work with
  - - - Pharaoh derived from per-so meaning great house - eae -p.10
    - - Hatshepsut - determines woman ruled for 20 years instead of her stepson
      - Akhenaten and Nefertiti - husband and wife tried to make egypt monotheistic later after their deaths their names were hated and stricken from records
      - Ramesses the great - ruled for 67 years and built more monuments and statues than any other pharaoh
      - Tutankhamun - took to the throne aged 9
      - Tuthmosis IV - freed the great Sphinx at Giza
    - - The Egyptians saw them as a lions body with the ruler’s head likely to symbolise power - eae p.11
    - - When people approached the king they often kissed the ground beneath his feet, one courtier boasted that the pharaoh insisted he kiss the royal leg not the ground.
    - - The pyramids are some of the oldest and most amazing buildings in the world. There are many pyramids in Egypt but the biggest and most impressive are the group of three built at Giza on yhr west bank of the Nile
      - The pyramids at Giza were built as massive tombs for three pharaohs - Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. The mummified body of each pharaoh was placed in the burial chamber, deep in the heart of the pyramid. This was to protect it from the hot sun and from the grave robbers. The ancient Egyptians put many other things in too, such as food, furniture and pets, because they believed the dead person would need these in the afterlife. Thousands of workers were needed to build Khufu's Great Pyramid. Between 5,000 and 20,000 worked on the building of the pyramid, most of them farmers who were called up to work during the flood season. It took about 20 years and 2.3 million blocks of stone to build it. Originally, the pyramids were covered in a smooth surface of white limestone, which would have been dazzlingly bright under the Egyptian sun.
      - Khafre was the son of Khufu. He was is associated with the great Sphinx, a vast statue that stands close to the three pyramids. The largest sculpture ever built by an ancient civilisation the Sphinx is 60m long and 20m tall.
      - We don't fully understand why the pyramid shape was so important the ancient Egyotians. It may have been that it helped the pharoahs travel 'up to the stars' and it may also have been to do with the worship of the sun - each pyramid lies almost exactly east-west. Because pyramids contained many riches, they riiches, they were often looted by robbers. Also the huge amount of work hat went have been very expensive. Eventually, the ancinet Egyptians stopped building pyramids and instead built secret tombs for their dead.
  - - - Amun
        
        king of the gods, sometimes combined with the sun god to become Amun-Ra
        
        Ram, also shown as a man wearing a tall hat made from ostrich feathers
      - Ra
        
        sun god
        
        falcon wearing a headdress with the sun's disk
      - Thoth
        
        moon god of writing and wisdom
        
        ibis (a bird) or a baboon
      - Horus
        
        sky go and protector of the pharaoh
        
        jackal
      - Anubis
        
        god of death and mumification
        
        Jackal
      - Isis
        
        mother goddess who had magical powers
      - Osiris
        
        god of the underworld
      - Hathor
        
        protective goddess and goddess of music, love and happiness
        
        cow
      - Bastet
        
        Protective goddess
        
        Cat
      - Tawaret
        
        goddess of pregnancy and childbirth
        
        hippo with the tail of a crocodile
    - - The Egyptians built vast stone temples to their gods and goddesses. Many have survived so we know a lot about them. However, in ancient times, very few people saw inside these secret buildings
      - The egyptians believed temples were homes for their gods to live in on Earth. At the entrance was a massive gate called a pylon, often decorated with pictures of the gods or of the pharohs fighting battles. Tall pillars called Obelisks and impressive statues of the pharohs stood in front of the pylon. at certain times, such as festivals, ordinary people were allowed through the gateway into the temple courtyard but no further.
      - The hypostle hall was a large room filled with masses of columns. These were necessary to hold up the heavy stone roof, but were probably also symbolic of plants that existed when the world was created. Beyond the hall there were futher rooms that led to the darkest and most secret part of the temple, the sanctuary. this is where the statue of the temple god was kept and only the pharaoh and high priests were allowed in. Priests were very important people. They had to carry out temple rituals, such as bringing offerings of food to the god's statue, at certain times of the day. If ordinary people wished to ask the god a question about sometihng, the priests would ask on their behalf.
  - - - The old kingdom (2686-2181BC)
      - The Middle Kingdom (2055-1605BC)
      - New Kingdom (1550-1069BC)
  - - - Once a year between mid June and October the Nile burst its banks and flooded this spread a thick black mud called siltover the land either side of the river, making it fertile, because black was the colour of the soil it was an important colour to the Egyptians it symbolised life. Red represented the desert and death - THDIAE P.6
      - There were few roads so the Nile was the main route for travel and transport
      - Living on the Nile was good but those who called it home had to be careful of the crocodiles and hippos who did the same THDIAE P.7
- - - - Year 3
      - Year 4
      - Year 5
      - Staff
  - - - Year 4s
      - Year 3s
        
        Follow Up sent on 5/10/20
- - - - How can I check to see if knowledge was retained via this method?
- - - - Male - Farmer
      - Woman - weaver, runs the household etc
    - - Randomly determine pass/fail