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CH 11 Immunity in Humans - Coggle Diagram
CH 11 Immunity in Humans
11.1 Body Defence
:star: IMPORTANT TERMS
pathogen - microorganism that causes diseases if infected body cells : bacteria, viruses, parasites
antigen - foreign particles that enter the body and subsequently stimulate the immune response : pathogens
antibodies - proteins found on surface / released by lymphocyte into the blood plasma
immune response - interaction between antibodies and antigens , antigens destroyed
immunity - body's ability to fight infection through specific attacks on the pathogens
1st line of deference
PHYSICAL
SKIN
- tough & difficult to penetrate
- continuous shedding -> prevent microoraganism growth
- secretion of sebum (chemical shield) -> oil and acid in sebum prevent growth
- sweat containe lysozyme that breaks down cell wall
CHEMICAL
ENZYME - lysozyme (tears, nasal mucus & saliva) - antimicrobial protein that dissolves & destroy some bacteria
- Mucous membrane (respiratory tract) - secretes mucus (lysozyme) which destroys bacteria in air
- blood clotting - prevents bacteria from entering through wounds
- hydrochloric acid (stomach) - destroys bacteria in food and drinks
2nd line of Defence
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
phagocyte
-leucocyte that carry out phagocytosis : neotrophills & monocytephagocytosis
- phagocytes engulf & lysozyme digests microorganism
- enters tissue fluid through capillary wall to move to infected area
INFLAMMATION
- histamine
- inflammatory response
- blood capillaries expand
- permeability of blood capillaries
- phagocytes + clotting factors
3rd line of Defence
immune response
- lymphocytes ( lymph nodes) produce antibodies
- antibody combine with specific antigen
-macrophages(lymp nodes)
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