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Too many plastic bags are used on consumer products (e.g. shopping bags,…
Too many plastic bags are used on consumer products (e.g. shopping bags, plastics to package produce).
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Consequences
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The 2015 bag tax in Portugal led to a "74% reduction of plastic bag consumption with a simultaneously 61% increase of reusable plastic bags." (Martinho, Balaia & Pires, 2017)
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Causes
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Logistical concerns unique to the modern food supply chain i.e. long distance transportation of food.
"Market Failures"
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Externalities
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Damage the ecosystem consumers and producers through butterfly effects in addition to plants and wildlife
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Information asymmetry
Information about supply chain plastic consumption isn't available to consumers when making choices.
Information about whether plastics are actually recycled isn't available for a given piece of plastic.
Public goods
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Litter
"Deposition rates averaged 132 plastics per square meter per day, which amounts to >1000 metric tons of plastic deposition to western U.S. protected lands annually."
Plastic rain in protected areas of the United States (Brahney, Hallerud, et al., 2020)
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6496/1257
