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KINGDOM & PHYLUM - Coggle Diagram
KINGDOM & PHYLUM
Plantae
- Autotrophic
-multi-celled, complex
- Second largest kingdom (over 25,000 species)
- includes flowering plants, ferns and mosses
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Gymnosperms
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- have seeds that are naked seed in cone scales ( contain male & female reproductive parts)
- include cone bearing trees, pine, firs, spruce, cedars
-male cones are usually soft & short lived, opposite to female cones
- Sexual reproduction in seed plants require the transport of sperm to eggs (unfertilized) in female cones
Animalia
- largest kingdom with over a million species
- Heterotrophs
- Complex Cells
Arthropods
insects (bettles, bees, butterflies, moths, ants & flie)
- majority of animals are this phylum, making it the largets aniaml phylum
- have a body divided into segements & a hard exoskeleton- head, thorax & amdomen
- exoskeleton is made out of chitin
- jointed legs
- neverous system is developed
- Bilateral symmetry
- Classified into classed based on # of eyes, legs & antennae
--> Chelicerates (spiders, mites & scorpions)
--> Myriapoda (millipeded & centipedes)
--> Crustanceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp & barnacles)
--> insects (bettles, bees, butterflies, moths, ants & flie)
Mollusca
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- 2nd most diverse aniaml phylum with a great amount of species
- have a bilateral symmetry, 3 layers of cells, a coelem & 2 body openings. Have soft protected hard shell
- Clams, mussels, oysters & scallops (Class Bivalvia) are marine & freshwater specied, may have 2 shell hinged together
- Shelled snails & non shelled slughs (Class Gastropoda) are found in terrestrial, freshwater & marine ecosystems, may have 1 shell
- Octopuses & squids (Class Cephalopoda) are marine organisms with internal mantle
- have muscular foot & some species have well developed eyes
Nematoda
- a phylum of unsegmented, cylindrical worms, also called roundworm, any worm of the phylum
- 3 tissue layers- ectoderm mesoderm & endoderm
- they occur as parasites in animals & plants or as free living forms in soil, freshwater, marine enviornments
- Bilateral symmetry
- 2 openings- both from mouth-anus
- round tublar body
- small or microscopic
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Porifera
- are found in marine & freshwater environments
- have an asymmetrical body plan & have no tissue
- body of sponge consist 2 layers of cells, individual cells make up a sponge
- are sessile as adults
- feed by trapping food particles in water as the water passes trough the internal channels of their bodys
-tube sponge, glass sponge, sea sponge
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Echinodermata
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- include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sand dollars
- are marine animals with radial symmetry
- spiny, hard skin with endoskeleton, & tube feet
- have a water-vascular system, a system of closed tubes including tube feet
- by using muscles, animal forced water into the tube feet making them extend
Chordata
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- have sevral important feautures in common- significant feature notochord (a flexible, rod shaped structure found in chordate animals, during development, it is replaced by spine)- second significant feature dorsal nerve cord (a tube shaped cord that extends along the back of the body)
--> Fish (Class Chondrichthyes) (Class Osteichthyes)
--> Amphibians (Order Anura) (Order Urodela)
--. Reptiles (Order Squamata) (Order Testudines) (Order Crocodilia)
--> Mammals (Class Mammalia)
--> Birds (Class Aves)
Fungi
- mushroom,mold,mildew, yeast
- Eukaryotes
- Heterotrophs with a cell wall lined with chitin
- Use spores to reproduce
-Used to be mistaken for plants, but they don't make their own food like plants do
- Four classifications (Thread-like, Sac, Club, Imperfect)
Basidiomycetes
- include mushrooms & are all short lived fruiting bodies of organisms
- release spores called basidiospores from club shaped hyphae basidia
- some are parasites or plants & can cause disease (corn,wheat,rye)
- largest part of the club fungus is a vast, sprawling network of hyphae
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Archaebacteria
- most recently added kingdom
- oldest known living organism
- single celled thrive in hot boiling water (valcanoes, hot geysers) or salty environments (The Great Salt Lake, The Dead Sea)
Extreme thermophiles
- is a type of Extremophile (ogranism that lives in habitats characterized by extreme conditions)
- live in habitats with a pH of less than 3
- Volcanic Crater Lakes, Mine Drainage Lakes
- Can live in an enviornment with a pH of 0 (acidity of acrd battery)
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Eubacteria
- complex, single celled
- most bacteria from this kingdom
- more common bacteria found everywhere (good/bad)
- help produce antibiotics, yougurt, vitamins, e.t.c
Cyanobacteria
- Oxygenic phototrophs (able to generate & release O2 & light photons as food)
- Prokaryotic
- Contains chlorophyll & phycobilins (blue photosyntheic pigment)
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Protista
- Eukaryotes
- Unicellular, ot multicellular
- Autotrophs, heterotrophs or both
- Habitat: Moist surroundings
- 3 categories (animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like)
Ciliophora
Protoza 4 (animal like): Cilates
- short hair like projetcions that cover the surface of the cell
- cilia used for locomotions & sweeping food particles
- many other species are large & complex of this group
- some are free living & some are parasite
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Sporozoa
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Protoza 4 (Animal Like): Sporozoans
- Parasites of animals, taking nutrients they need from their host
- either sexual or asexual reproduction & between 2 hosts
- Plasmodium can cause malaria in humans
Sarcodina
Animal Like
- Amboeid protists
- Unicellular
-Live in marine/fresh water
- move & eat by making extensions of their cells called pseudopods that engulf the prey into their cytoplasm & release enzymes to digest food
-sexual & asexual
-Heterotrophs
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