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Latin Music - Coggle Diagram
Latin Music
Cuba
African influences; rhythm is very strong and distinctive, religious Orisha undertones
polytheistic, multiple deities; Gods also take on the names of Roman Catholic saints
Bata drumming - turns into Rumba; cuban dance music; has a clave rhythm; this rhythm is played by the clave instrument
Bata drum has hourglass shape, used by Yoruba and Igbo people in Nigeria; maraacas, congas, timbales (membranophones)
instruments: timbales, guerro (monkey drum); it is scraped and makes its sound, another percussion instrument maracas, bongos, guiro, clave (rhythm present in rhythm and son and is also a percussion instrument)
things started getting complicated to produce new genres of music in cuba
slower beat than mambo
theres 4 types of rhythms: son 2-3 & 3-2 claves, rumba 2-3 & 3-2 claves
Dance styles
Cuban danzon: (national dance of music starting in 1920s) slow partner dance; pauses in between, moving in rhythm together at different times, afro cuban rhythms
Charanga ensemble: flute, violins, piano, maracas are in there; charanga groups adapted instruments and style from the song
one charanga group made mambo-like music; they took danzon and changed it up
Danzon-mambo: "El Reloj de Pastora" song is an example & "Cacao" has a recurring rhythm, flute has solo line over it; ostenado (characteristic of mambo); more instruments and more rhythms than cuban mambo
Cha Cha Cha
Instruments
a style of dance as well; music has jazz influences
Big band mambo- has brass, no flute as compared to charanga, has only troumbones, saxophones and trumpets, salsa can have all these as well
Mambo - has flute not like big-band mambo
mambo kings: machito and his afro-cuban orchestra, tito rodriguez & tito puente
mambo dance is not at all sensual; partner dance although, mambo is more upbeat than cha cha cha
george clinton and parliament funkadelic was influenced by mambo in the U.S.; he was a "funk" guy
Salsa music: has a lot of afro-cuban dance forms, many famous people brough salsa to the US (willie colon, celia cruz, ruben blades, johnny pacheco, marc antony etc)
there's a lot of lyrics and singing unlike mambo- this will help differentiate between the two
cindy shay got her start in salsa; a trumpet player
salsa bands are heavy trumpet infused
celia cruz was popular in the 70s, she had a deeper voice
marc antony; combines latin jazz, mariachi, salsa, raegae, bolleros, has a great voice; a Puerto Rican man however
hector levoe: huge salsa man, he incorporated an orchestra to one song
reuben blades: lawyer, politician, actor, was from panama
him and willie colon colloborated together on music; both were very famous
makes way for latin jazz
dizzy gallespie, eddie polmiary etc: made latin jazz music
Santana: remade oya como va and grew wildly popular, comes under the genre of latin rock, used timbales and latin rhythms
Mexico
Corrido
definition: style of music in mexio
Narco-coridos: corridos centered around drug trafficking; are glorified
e.g. "El Cabron"
immigration corridos: corridos centered around immigration & moving
e.g. "El Deportado": about moving in the middle of the night; feelings of separation
Traditional/old corridos: originated from mexican revolution
e.g. "La Cucaracha"
Trap corridos: hip hop influenced narrative stories, contemporary
Mariachi music: found its place in western mexico; national music of mexico
instruments: regular guitar, trumpet, flute, harp, accordion, guitarron mexicano, guitarra de golpe, mexican vihuela
trumpets are a part of modern mariachi
divided in 3 areas
there are a few all female mariachi bands; not as common but they do exist; e.g. Mariachi Divas; they have won multiple grammys
cindy (main singer): encountered many problems b/c of her outspokeness and gender
mariachi bands can range form 3 violins to 8 violins; spanish brought with them the air instruments and western mexico syncretized their instruments (rattles, drums etc) with theirs
Son music: sonhalesience was adapted and given a particular look and feel; charro outfit with hat comes from here (outfits began in 1884)
Banda
instruments: salas, chileras, harabes, gansones
regional mexican music; used membranophones and idiophones; began in 19th century; spain influences; incorporates fanfares/calls; first found its place in southern and central mexico
Norteno
influence from germany; resided in northern mexico; very popular style of music today
instruments: accordion, aerophones, chordophones
no rhythm or movement to it like cumbia
Cumbia
originated in colombia and migrated to mexico; dance music (solo or partner); fast tempo; rhythm is strong beat of two
tropical cumbia: emerged in 1970s; sounds similar to nortenos (can tell the difference from the rhythm)
instruments: string bass, guerro (idiophone), maracas
cumbia rock
slower tempo; now called a ballad; slower type of rhythmic movement (can be sensual)
cumbia nortena
uses electric instruments like synthesizer
cumbia con mariachi
instruments: flute, accordion, areophones
Biases- machismo: is reason mexicans have bad rep in America; machismos were usually men who drank a lot of tequila and were womanizers/players; mariachi bands also got bad rep because of this
frito bandito: negative connotation of mexicans American commercial; modeled after pancho villa; they eliminated this and changed it into WC fritos and muncha buncha
speedy gonzalez: another negative point of view of mexicans
international mariachi festival: held annually for mariachi bands
most famous mariachi group: mariachi vargas; "La Nigra" is an anthem of theirs
La charreada
Brazil
Samba-enredo
Samba
definition: many driving rhythms, instruments piled on top of each other, best know brazilian music internationally
Instruments: Cavaquinho, Tamborim, Cuica
Cuica (a.k.a. monkey drum): membranophone, music is produced by rubbing it, friction drum
Tamborim: small, timbre is really high
Cavaquinho: small like ukelele
Subregion: Samba-cancao
popular music of brazil
Subregion: Partido Alto
has a groove to it; jazzy
Subregion: Samba de Gafieria; partner dance (not connected with Bossa Nova-mistake made)
associated with dancing commonly
Subregion: Bossa Nova
originated in 1950-60s; tends to be lyrical & smooth; came from southern Rio, "girl from impanema" is popular song, laid-back and melodic sound,
Instruments
Brazillian grooves: capoeira, baiao, bossa nova, choro
{Interesting} capoeira: dancing associated with it appears to be similar to what americans know as breakdancing; looks like ju-jitsu or martial arts or gymnastics
Classical guitar, bass guitar, double bass, piano, organ, vibranophone, drums, maracas, conga, saxophone, brazillian grooves
vibranophone: subdued, forward tempo,
Subregion: Pagode
brazil's pop music; today's pop music
Argentina/Uruguay
Tango
finnish tango
ballroom tango
tango fantasia
tango nuevo
Hugo Diaz: extends Piazollo's ideas, uses short sensual sounds in their music
(interesting) Astor Piazzollo: short, curt music; when he came into the scene bandoneons became tell-tale sound of tango; made tengo more of an instrumental type of music (sensual additions)
tango argentino
tango oriental
solo dance
tango liso
tango orillero
tango milonguero
Instruments
violins, flute, piano, double bass, clarinet, vocalist, sometimes guitar, bandoneons, accordions
bandoneons are main instrument you'll hear in tango