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Life Processes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - RBCs
      - WBCs
      - platelets
      - plasma
    - - arteries
        
        Arteries carry oxygenated blood in them, except one that is pulmonary artery
      - viens
        
        Veins carry deoxygenated blood in them, except pulmonary vein
      - capillaries
  - - - right auricle
      - right ventricle
      - left auricle
      - left ventricle
    - - The Right side of the heart gets deoxygenated blood from different cells of the body
      - The Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs
- - - - intake of food and then its digestion in the body.
  - - - Definition
        
        self-sufficient for food
      - Examples
        
        Green Leaved Plants
        
        Sulphur Based Bacteria
      - Photosynthesis
        
        Definitoin
        
        Synthesis of food by photosynthesis- ‘photo’ means light and ‘synthesis’ means production. It is the production of food with the help of sunlight.
        
        Equation
        
        6CO2+6H2O give C6H12O6+6O2
        
        The Events of Photosynthesis
        
        Absorption of light energy chlorophyll which is the green pigment and gives energy for activation of reaction
        
        he splitting of water into its constituent’s hydrogen and oxygen leading to the Synthesis of ATP and NADPH2
        
        finally reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates.
    - - Definition
        
        dependent on others for food
        
        Generally take up energy from plants and animals by using them as food.
      - Examples
        
        holozoic
        
        parasatic
        
        saprophytic
      - Digestion
        
        Definition
        
        mechanical and chemical reduction of ingested nutrients which can be then converted to energy for use.
        
        Part of the human d system
        
        long alimentary canal
        
        Mouth
        
        pharynx
        
        oesophagus
        
        stomach
        
        large interstine
        
        small interstine
        
        rectum
        
        anus
  - - - Saliva is secreted by salivary glands
      - located under the tongue which contains digestive enzymes like salivary amylase
        
        which break down starch into sugar.
        
        So, digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth itself.
    - - Tongue helps in chewing, moistening, rolling and swallowing of food.
        
        The food from mouth then goes down the oesophagus, which is the food pipe to the stomach, through the movement of walls of oesophagus (peristalsis)
        
        Stomach mixes the food hence received with various digestive juices.
        
        The food from stomach eventually moves into the small intestine.
        
        where complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats takes place. It gets intestinal juices from two different glands – liver and pancreas that help in the further digestion of food.
        
        Digestion in small intestine: It is the longest part (about 7.5 m long) of alimentary canal. It is the site
        
        The inner linning of the stomach secrets:
        
        Mucus – protects the lining of stomach from being corroded by the acid.
        
        Hydrochloric acid – creates an acidic medium and dissolves bits of food.
        
        Digestive juices – break down protein into simpler substances.
    - - Liver is the largest gland of the body and secretes bile juice. Bile juice is stored in the gall bladder and has a significant role in the digestion of fats.
    - - Pancreas has enzymes that help in total digestion of all food components.
      - The digestive tract and associated glands together constitute the digestive system
- - - - Oxidation of food materials by oxygen
      - Produces 36 ATP
      - Steps followed
        
        First step is breakdown of glucose (6C) into pyruvates (3C) in the cytoplasm
        
        Second step- Pyruvate is then broken down to CO2 and water and it takes place in the mitochondria where energy is produced in ATP form.
    - - It is the Oxidation of nutrients without using up the molecular oxygen
      - It gives 2 ATPS
      - Steps
        
        Steps followed
        
        First step- glycolysis in cytoplasm, 2 pyruvate produced
        
        Second step is the break down of pyruvic acid into ethanol and water and energy (in yeast) and lactic acid and energy (in muscle cells)
  - - - nose
      - pharynx
      - trachea
      - bronchi
      - bronchioles
        
        Bronchioles then divide into many alveoli which are sites of gaseous exchange.
        
        O2 present in alveolar blood vessels is then transported to various cells of the body.
      - alveoli
    - - Hemoglobin pigment present in blood is majorly responsible for transportation of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
- - - - a pair of kidneys
      - a pair of ureters
      - a urinary bladder
      - a urethra.