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Week 2: Aesthetic Experience, Week 5: Space and Time, Week 3 & 4:…
Week 2: Aesthetic Experience
Early Form of art
Big Question: Did art make us human?
Paleolithic Art
Anatomical Modernity ~200 kya
Ochre Pigments ~100 kya
Shell Ornaments ~70 kya
Figurative Cave Art ~ 44 kya
Western Art
Body Representation
Paintings
Classic Tradition (Ancient Greek and Roman)
753 BC - 476 AD
Foreshorten
Illusion of space
Naturalism
Middle Ages
410 - 1400
Stylised, symmetrical
Frontal
Spiritual, Abstraction
Renaissance
1400 - 1600
Spiritual but earthly setting
Beauty of nature
Stablelize
Baroque, Rococo
1600 - 1750
Human emotion
Dramatize
Modern Art
1860+
Line, contour
abstraction
Neoclassicism, Romanticism
1750 - 1850
Heroic
Sculpture
Naturalism
Ancient
Renaissance
Modern World
Abstraction
Middle Ages
Modern world
Brain
The first year of life: Huge number of connections of brain cells are made by stimulus
Physical Interaction
Primary: Touch
Others: Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing
Stimulus Poor (5 yo - 10 yo) :
Synaptic Pruning
Lost of neurous
Stimulus not enough: exercise
Memories: Brain cells connections
The Binding Problem
: how do senses bind?
Segregation: How we seperate experiences
Combination: How do we combine experiences
Experiential Memory: the sequence/playback of memory
Multimodal & Poetic
Strategies for multimedia
Provides
sensory input
to the brain
Reconstruct
memory
Multimodal media
replaces physical input
Allow for
new experience
Result in
conflict
with the real world
Freedom of
time
Engage the entire
body
; isolate the body
Types of memory
Categorised by
remembering and forgetting
Declarative
Easily made and easily forgotten
Numbers, dates, facts, etc.
Procedural
Require Repetition
Learned skills
Short term
Temporary (related to declarative)
Long Term
Permanent, require attention, repetition and association
Implicit
Intuitive due to instinct
Explicit
Require step by step instuction
Working
a combination of short term and distributed (procedural?) memory
Traumatic
Strongest
Driving a car
Categorised by
how we use and know it
Physical (Body)
Evolutionary, genetic
All senses involved
Movement
Dynamic
Psychological
Personal
experience
Cultural
history
shared memory
Perception
Mystery:
The Binding Problem
The brain naturally correlates synchronous sensory experience even if not causally connected
Wearable Technologies and Post-Humanism
Week 5: Space and Time
Flipbooks (1860s - present)
Robert Breer (1926 - 2011)
Mural Flip Book
(1964)
Len Lye (1901 - 1980)
Trade Tattoo
(1937)
early color film
William Kentridge (1955 - )
Time-based drawing
Photography and Light Painting
Man Ray
,
Rayograph
, 1922
use photosensitive paper and expose it to light
Pablo Picasso,
Light Painting
, 1949
Henri Matisse,
Light Painting
, 1949
Norman McLaren,
Pas de Deux
(1968)
Chris Landreth,
Ryan
, (2004)
Jules Marey
Georges Demeny 1886
Chronophotographic
taking 12 consecutive frames a second
Questions
What did Marey and Man Ray contribute to the aesthetics of light?
How did McLaren's film turn science into art? What about digital media, and Chris Landreth's film Ryan? Did his piece extend the esthetic?
Is drawing also light painting? What is painting in time?
Film,Video and Computer Graphics
Paul Sharits (1943 - 1993)
Trichromacy (RGB) used in electronic displays
Nam Jun Paik (1932 - 2006)
Electronic Superhighway
(1995)
Woody Vasulka (1937 - 2019)
Video installation at the kitchen
(1972)
Steina Vasulka (1940 - )
Borealis
1993
Bill Viola (1951 - )
Reasons for knocking at an empty house
(1982)
Projection Mapping & Urban Screens
VR & AR
Questions
From reflective to light emitting media, and interactive multimedia: what changed in the aesthetic experience of time and space?
TIME: Gesamtkunstwerk (the total work of art)
Not just sound and music, film but synaesthetic media including taste
Sublimotion, world's most expensive restaurant
Richard Wagner (1849): Opera does this
Randall Packer and Ken Jordan:
Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality
, 2001, 2002
Questions
The eye scans a painting in time to build and 'interior' painting in the mind
Projecting the celluloid film 'converts' space to time when you run it
How does this change in the connected multimedia or social media world, and the immersive multimedia world (VR/AR)?
What considerations should there be when creating an aesthetic experience involving all of the senses?
Vasari (1511-1574)
Ideological foundation of art-historian
Art creates civilization
Geniuses create art
Surpassing the past
Inspired innovations in technique
Realizing new transcendent visions
Artists compete for recognition
Vasari canonizes Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael
Leonardo sought to become unsurpassable
Harold Bloom (1930-2019)
Defend literary canon against structuralism
Anxiety of Influence
burden on the artists
Time in Anthropology
Nalanda
Ajanta
Borobudur, Central Java
Yugus (astronomical time)
Angkor, Khmer, Cambodia
Cyclical time
Bali
Week 3 & 4: Composition
Elements
Point, Line, Shape (2D contour), Form (3D), Proportion and Perspective, Space (Positive and Negative), Value (Shading and Light), Colour (Intensity, Brightness, Hue), Texture, Typography, Movement or Motion (2D, 3D, 4D), Content
Principles
Balance
Structures: Grid, Circle, Triangle, Diamond, Central Location, Bridge, Cantilever, Even Spread, Radial Burst, Emphasis on Diagonality, Emphasis on Verticality, Curvilinear Dominant, L Shape
Patterns
Fractals
The Golden Ratio (1:1.618)
Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)
Symmetry & Asymmetry
In Nature and Math: asymmetry widely exists
Merleau-Ponty
(1908-1961), structuralist
The phenomenology of bodily experience
vs the world as it is
Art reveals humanity
Dr Ramachandran:
Mirror Neurons
fire both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another
Qualia
individual instance of subjective, conscious experience
Perspective & foreshortening
1-point perspective
2-point perspective
3-point perspective
Camera composition
Dynamic/Angular composition
rule of thirds vs the golden ratio
20th century art movement
Cubism 1910
Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973)
, Georges Braque and Fernand Leger
Gino Severini (1883-1966) Cubism, Futurism, Neo-Classicism
Anti-Art 1913
Marcel Duchamp (1887 - 1968)
Dadaism
and the 'cut-up' 1915
Marcel Duchamp,
Man Ray (1890 - 1976)
Rejection of modern society, anti-war, anti-capitalism, radical left
Surrealism
resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality or surreality
Verism
Rene Magritte, Savador Dali (1904 - 1989)
interests in dream world
Fantastic realistic
Automatism
Suppression of conscious control in the making of the work of art
Joan Miro and Paul Klee
Andre Breton,
The Automatic Message
, 1933
Week 4 & 5 Colour
Scientific colour theories after Newton
Philipp Otto Runge (1810)
Spherical color system
Michel-Eugene Chevreul (1839)
Simultaneous Contrast
The theory of trichromacy (RGB)
Thomas Young(1801)
Hermann Von Helmholz (1850)
James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879)
colorimetry & colored photography
Albert H. Munsell (1858 - 1918)
Munsell color system: chroma, value & hue
Wilhelm Ostwald (1916)
HSL & HSV
Johannes Itten (1888 - 1967)
Color contrast by: hue, value, temperature, complements, simultaneous, saturation, extension
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Interaction of Color
Paul Klee (1879 - 1940)
Painting Music
Wassily Kandinsky (1866 - 1944)
Concerning the Spiritual in Art
Impression, Improvisation, Composition
Inner Resonance
properties of individual isolated color & contrast
Questions
Why were there so many colour theories?
How did they differ, and why?
What was at stake?
Colour Theories
Ancient: Aristotle
water, air, fire, earth
Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci
white, yellow (earth), green (water), blue (air), red (fire), and black.
Sir Isaac Newton
(1666)
OPTICKS
"invented" purple to match basic color to music notes, cosmic significance of 7
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue(cyan) Indigo(blue) Violet
Mathematical
Louis Bertrand Castel (1688 - 1757)
how light beam split by the prism depend on the distance, showing different colors.
Newton is looking at a specific case
Goethe and Friedrich Schiller (1789)
Johann Wolfgang Goethe
(1749 - 1832)
Farbenlehre
Theory of Colours (1810)
focus on eye experience of the colours
Experiential
Architecture is frozen music
Baroque
Ewald Hering (1892, 1920)
color perceived by 3 opponent channels: white vs black, red vs green, yellow vs blue
Questions
Why did Isaac Newton invent the colour purple?
Why did Goethe disagree with Newton?
"Architecture is 'frozen music'" - Goethe. Why has this statement been so influential, up to today?
making historical connection between different art forms
Contemporary Colour Theory
Cool/Calming Colours vs Warm/Stimulating Colours
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Colour palette/scheme
Analogous
complementary
Monochrome
triad
tetradic
quadrilateral
split complementary
Simultaneous Contrast
Colour and Space
Create Depth, warm pop cool recede
with simultaneous contrast
backlighting
fading
Pigment substractive (CMYK printing)
Colour emotion and poetry
Questions
Is there a consensus on colour theory?
what is the conceptual basis?
How is the science of colour and perception integrated with aesthetics?
Colour and film and sound
Wassily Kandinsky
Walther Ruttmann (1887-1941)
Lichtspiel Opus (1921-1925)
Oskar Fischinger (1900 - 1967)
Inspired by previous two
Norman McLaren (1914 - 1987)
Questions
Is there a logic to the choice of colours for each film or artwork?
Is there an overall logic to the approach to color?
What are the aesthetic choices?
What do media technologies provide aesthetically?
Film
Impressionists Color theory
Georges Seurat (1859-1891)
Edgar Degas (1834 - 1917)
Mixing color with brush stokes
Week 1: History of Aesthetics
Quadrivium
Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy, Music
Beaux Artes (Fine Arts)
Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music, Poetry
Hegel
Art =
Humanity's self-discovery
Objectified Ideas
The realisation of freedom as the driving force of history
Objectified spirit, recognition of self in divine form
Noesis: pure thoughts; Noema: thoughts in objects
Kwakiutl Tribe
Animals & humans are related
Animals give themselves to people
Kant
"free play" of imagination
Beauty is a part of ourselves; have equal quality to truth and ethic
transcendental-idealism
: aesthetic experience shaped by operation of mind, but not purely subjective
universally subjective
Week 6: The Future
Aesthetics & Postmodernity
The Kantian-Hegelian metanarrative: historical progress towards Freedom
Jean-Francois Lyotard
"Incredulity towards metanarratives"
Jurgen Habermas
(1929 - )
Modernity as "unfinished project"
Modernity: "Steering capacity"
Discourse: free argument about truth claims, a consensus theory of truth
Permanent last names
Population cencus & registers
Cadastral surveys
Standardization of weights and measures
Standardization of language and legal discourse
Redesign of cities and towns in geometric grids
Enlightment: give society the steering capacity
Louis Althusser (1918 - 1990), structuralist Marxist
Kantian-Hegelian concept of historical progress was a weapon in the struggle of the European bourgeoisie against feudalism
James C. Scott (1936)
High Modernism: artistic vision
Authoritarian state use power to bring high modernist designs into being
civil society that lacks capacity to resist
Theodor Adorno (1903 - 1969)
Subjects are normed and formed
Mass culture is psychoanalysis in reverse
The Emancipatory Potential of Media, Art and Technology
Marshall McLuhan (1911 - 1980)
The Gutenberg Galaxy
(1962)
Global Village
Gutenberg Galaxy: the cumulative body of recorded work of human art and knowledge, especially print
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
(1964)
The Medium is the Message
McLuhanist: Dr. Gerald O'Grady (1931 - 2019)
Media Study Buffalo was the first media art programme in the USA at the university level
"It is only possible to participate fully in society if one understands its channels and modes of communication."
The promise of Art & Technology
Bell Labs, Max Matthews
MIT Center for Advanced Visual Studies, Stan VanDerBeek
Expanded Cinema (1970) by Gene Youngblood
First book to consider video as an art form
E.A.T. Experiments in Art and Technology (started in 1966-67)
Structuralism
Claude Levi-Strauss (1908 - 2009)
deep structure
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 - 1913)
, swiss
Signifier & signified
Language as a system of signs (1916)
From phonemes to myths
Post-Structuralism
Jacques Derrida (1930 - 2004)
Signifiers are not binary branchings of tree, but networks of signs that are unrooted.
Jacques Lacan (1901 - 1981)
The Mirror stage: subjective identity is not pre-given; given by "mirrors" of language and art
Kantian subject is not pregiven; an effect of discourse
Michel Foucault (1926 - 1984)
Discursive practice
Regimes of truth